{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:56:33Z","timestamp":1786978593715,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,5]],"date-time":"2017-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31571062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31571062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31527802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31527802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004739","name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Synapse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    It has been known that Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    plays an essential role in mediating different modes of neurotransmitter release via different sensing mechanisms. Synaptotagmin 1, 2, and 9 were found to act as the Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    sensors for synchronous release and synaptotagmin 7 and Doc\u20102 were proposed as the Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    sensors for asynchronous release. Comparatively, the Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    sensor for spontaneous release remains a mystery. At the Calyx of Held synapse, the Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    sensor for spontaneous release was found not identical to the sensor for synchronous release, synaptotagmin 2. As Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    sensors have different sensitivity to Sr\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and induce significantly different rate of vesicle release, Sr\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    is traditionally used as a tool to examine the intrinsic properties of different Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    sensors. Here, we employed cell\u2010attached patch recording and presynaptic\/postsynaptic whole\u2010cell recording at the Calyx of Held synapses of synaptotagmin 2 knock\u2010out mice to assay the Sr\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    influx into the nerve terminal at resting potential and observed the effects of Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and Sr\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    on spontaneous neurotransmitter release. We found that the dwell time of single voltage gated Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    channel opening increased around threefold for Sr\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    than Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    with the channel conductance unchanged; the divalent cation sensing machinery in regulating spontaneous release has much lower sensitivity to Sr\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    than Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Thus, our study reveals some of the intrinsic properties of Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    sensor(s) of spontaneous transmitter release and provided an insight into the underlying mechanisms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.21983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,26]],"date-time":"2017-04-26T03:54:32Z","timestamp":1493178872000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sr\n                    <sup>2+<\/sup>\n                    has low efficiency in regulating spontaneous release at the Calyx of Held synapses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8006-1134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences &amp; Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China"},{"name":"Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing 100053 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4401-3025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2952-2278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianyuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China"},{"name":"Center of Parkinson?s Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Beijing 100053 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xintian","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences &amp; Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China"},{"name":"Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peihua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1959.sp006233"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1990-14.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3427-09.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2005.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.08.209"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0457-15.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1969.sp008692"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3563"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0350-05.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E13-10-0571"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2013.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.26.12942"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1183765"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)83641-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1982.sp014371"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16507"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(00)01800-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021113-170338"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00040.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800621105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3889-05.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.42.24898"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0514-09.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/81781"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03568"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0759-15.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90483.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/4548"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.t01-1-00809.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0197-08.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3519-06.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2010.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.150151"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2828(89)90755-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3129"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)01145-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0908798106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06308"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00271-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-24-09162.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3488-16.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1097196"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.052639"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5454.864"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6398-10.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2320"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(99)77360-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-12-04414.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1502288112"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E06-05-0444"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.09.046"}],"container-title":["Synapse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fsyn.21983","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/syn.21983","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T23:46:07Z","timestamp":1696463167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/syn.21983"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,5]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/syn.21983"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/syn.21983","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0887-4476","1098-2396"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0887-4476","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2396","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,5]]},"article-number":"e21983"}}