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We combined fluorescent FM styryl dyes and electrophysiological techniques at <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> levator auris longus neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) from mice to investigate the modulation of synaptic transmission and vesicle recycling by AZ. Transmitter release was minimally affected by AZ, as evidenced by evoked and spontaneous end\u2010plate potential measurements. However, optical evaluation with FM\u2010styryl dyes of vesicle exocytosis elicited by 50 Hz stimuli showed a strong reduction in fluorescence loss in AZ treated NMJ, an effect that was abolished by bathing the NMJ in Hepes. The remaining dye was quenched by bromophenol, a small molecule capable of diffusing inside vesicles. Furthermore, in transgenic mice expressing Synaptophysin\u2010pHluorin (SypHy), the fluorescence responses of motor nerve terminals to a 50 Hz train of stimuli was decrease to a 50% of controls in the presence of AZ. Immunohistochemistry experiments to evaluate the state of the Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), an enzyme involved in vesicle recycling, demonstrated that MLCK phosphorylation was much stronger in the presence than AZ than in its absence in 50 Hz stimulated NMJs. We postulate that AZ, via cytosol acidification and activation of MLCK, shifts synaptic vesicle recycling to a fast (kiss\u2010and\u2010run) mode, which changes synaptic performance. These changes may contribute to the therapeutic action reported in many neurological syndromes like ataxia, epilepsy, and migraine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.22009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,5]],"date-time":"2017-09-05T15:46:48Z","timestamp":1504626408000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide shifts synaptic vesicle recycling to a fast mode at the mouse neuromuscular junction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Nicolas Ivan","family":"Bertone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda, Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE\u2010UBA\u2010CONICET) and Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Buenos Aires C1428EHA 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Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics School of Medicine, University of Seville Seville 41009 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4027-4044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Tabares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics School of Medicine, University of Seville Seville 41009 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8909-6787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osvaldo Daniel","family":"Uchitel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda, Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE\u2010UBA\u2010CONICET) and Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular, Facultad de 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