{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T22:00:12Z","timestamp":1759960812192,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]],"date-time":"2018-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Synapse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>An important role of voltage\u2010gated sodium channels (VGSCs) in many different pain states has been established in animal models and humans wherein sodium channel blockers partially ameliorate pain. However, behavioral tests for screening analgesics that exhibit pharmacologic action by acting on VGSCs are rarely reported, and there are no studies on antinociception using veratrine as a nociceptive agent. The aim of the present study was to examine the amount of nociceptive behavior evoked by subcutaneous administration of veratrine into the hind paw and investigate whether veratrine can be used as a VGSC agonist to test the pharmacological properties of candidate analgesics via sodium channel blockade. We report for the first time that intraplantar injection of veratrine produced a reproducible nociceptive response in mice. Furthermore, several sodium channel blockers, namely carbamazepine, valproate, mexiletine, and the selective Nav1.7 inhibitor PF\u201004856264, but not flecainide or pilsicainide, reduced veratrine\u2010induced nociception. In contrast, calcium channel blockers gabapentin and ethosuximide did not change veratrine\u2010induced nociception. The veratrine test in mice might be a useful tool, at least in part, to evaluate the potential analgesic effect of sodium channel blockers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.22056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,11]],"date-time":"2018-07-11T12:03:15Z","timestamp":1531310595000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation of the antinociceptive activities of several sodium channel blockers using veratrine test in mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7341-3381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazumi","family":"Yoshizawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo University of Science Noda Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narumaki","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo University of Science Noda Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukina","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo University of Science Noda Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toka","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo University of Science Noda Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kota","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo University of Science Noda Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reinii","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Tokai University Hachioji Hospital Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ritsuko","family":"Masuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Tokai University Hachioji Hospital Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)03240-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.57.4.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins8030078"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2009.00719.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(03)00177-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2016.1162295"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.01.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.205.5.575","article-title":"Evolution of voltage\u2010gated Na(+) channels","volume":"205","author":"Goldin A. L.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2013.146"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(85)90116-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(87)90088-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200107030-00021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"Effects of mexiletine on formalin\u2010induced nociceptive responses in mice","volume":"80","author":"Kamei J.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.FP0040478"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-6-83"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"844","article-title":"Pharmacologic management of chronic neuropathic pain: Review of the Canadian Pain Society consensus statement","volume":"63","author":"Mu A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Canadian Family Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000132692.92438.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Pharmacology of valproate","volume":"37","author":"Owens M. J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","first-page":"292","article-title":"Activation of vagai afferents by veratrine induces antinociception","volume":"12","author":"Randich A.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Physiof. Psychal."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2006.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23391"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(92)90057-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)05031-1","article-title":"The ultraviolet spectra and neurophysiological effects of \u201cveratrine\u201d alkaloids","volume":"105","author":"Shanes A. M.","year":"1952","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/35.5.748","article-title":"Antiarrhythmic drugs and the cardiac sodium channel: current models","volume":"35","author":"Sheldon R. S.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199611250-00047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.07.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-7-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706310"}],"container-title":["Synapse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fsyn.22056","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/chorus\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fsyn.22056","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/syn.22056","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T18:10:36Z","timestamp":1751739036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/syn.22056"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/syn.22056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/syn.22056","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0887-4476","1098-2396"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0887-4476"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1098-2396"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-04-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-06-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-07-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e22056"}}