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The repairs of the nerve injuries have not achieved satisfactory curative effects in clinic. The transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs)\u2010laden acellular nerve xenografts (ANX) has been proven more effective than the acellular nerve allografting. Besides, granulocyte colony\u2010stimulating factor (G\u2010CSF) can inhibit inflammation and apoptosis, and thus is conducive to the microenvironmental improvement of axonal regeneration. This study aims to investigate the joint effect of BMSCs\u2010seeded ANX grafting and G\u2010CSF administration, and explore the relevant mechanisms. Adult <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> rats were divided into five groups randomly: ANX group, ANX combined with G\u2010CSF group, BMSCs\u2010laden ANX group, BMSCs\u2010laden ANX combined with G\u2010CSF group, and autograft group. Eight\u00a0weeks after transplantation, the detection of praxiology and neuroelectrophysiology was conducted, and then the morphology of the regenerated nerves was analyzed. The inflammatory response and apoptosis in the nerve grafts as well as the expression of the growth\u2010promoting factors in the regenerated tissues were further assayed. G\u2010CSF intervention and BMSCs implanting synergistically promoted peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery following ANX bridging, and the restoration effect was matchable with that of the autologous nerve grafting. Moreover, local inflammation was alleviated, the apoptosis of the seeded BMSCs was decreased, and the levels of the neuromodulatory factors were elevated. In conclusion, the union application of BMSCs\u2010implanted ANX and G\u2010CSF ameliorated the niche of neurotization and advanced nerve regeneration substantially. The strategy achieved the favorable effectiveness as an alternative to the autotransplantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.22093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]],"date-time":"2019-02-14T08:46:43Z","timestamp":1550134003000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Combination of BMSCs\u2010laden acellular nerve xenografts transplantation and G\u2010CSF administration promotes sciatic nerve regeneration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1529-5054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hua","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Department of Anatomy Mudanjiang College of Medicine Mudanjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun\u2010Ping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huai\u2010Qin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010Jie","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences China Medical University Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong\u2010Yi","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Zhi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201500367"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.36090"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/601084"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2017.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.05.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2004.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2006.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.1998.0704"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-007-9359-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8BM00260F"},{"issue":"29","key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"2259","article-title":"Role of inflammatory cytokines in peripheral nerve injury","volume":"7","author":"Fregnan F.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-410499-0.00010-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2000.5576"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14653249.2010.510505"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.36497"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2014.08.002"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"468","article-title":"Cloning, sequencing and evolution analysis of IFN\u2010C, IL\u20102 and IL\u20104 gene in Chinese white rabbit","volume":"25","author":"Huang D. 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