{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T12:42:34Z","timestamp":1775306554815,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]],"date-time":"2019-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Fronteras de la Ciencia 1544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fronteras de la Ciencia 1544"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Synapse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The auditory system has an extensive efferent innervation, which contributes to processes of control and regulation of the afferent input. The expression of receptors to various neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the inner ear has been described, among which endogenous opioid receptors are found. The role of opioid receptors in the cochlea is not yet fully defined, it has been reported that opioid agonists and antagonists modulate the response to auditory stimuli and in clinical practice, multiple cases have been reported in which the consumption of opioid derivatives induce sensorineural hearing loss. In this work, we evaluated the effects of acute treatment with morphine, fentanyl, tramadol, and naloxone, in the auditory brain stem potentials (ABR), the compound action potential (CAP), and distortion products otacoustic emissions (DPOAE), across a wide range of stimulus frequencies and amplitudes. Adult Long\u2010Evans rats of the strain CII\/ZV weighing 180\u2013220\u00a0g were used. For the ABR recording drugs were administered intraperitoneally or intravenously. For the CAP and DPOAE drugs were applied by direct perfusion in the middle ear. The opioid agonists produced a consistent increase in the amplitude of the PI component of the ABR and of the N1\u2010P1 amplitude of the CAP. Naloxone produced no significant changes in the ABR and a reduction of the CAP N1\u2010P1 amplitude. Also, opioid agonists induced a decrease in the amplitude of the DPOAE. These results show that the opioid receptor activation modulates both the afferent response at both the afferent response to acoustic stimuli, and also at the cochlear mechanics as revealed by DPOAE changes. These results present a significant step in understanding how opioid modulation of auditory responses may contribute to the auditory processing and to sensorineural hearing loss produced by opioids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.22128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]],"date-time":"2019-08-12T14:29:40Z","timestamp":1565620180000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Opioid modulation of cochlear auditory responses in the rat inner ear"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Teresa","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla Puebla Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2428-7416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla Puebla Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla Puebla Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"287","article-title":"Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in cattle sedated with xylazine","volume":"72","author":"Arai S.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(83)90097-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1982.tb09322.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1M250"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"Tesis para obtener el grado de Maestro en Ciencias Fisiol\u00f3gicas","author":"De la Rosa Jim\u00e9nez V","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1983.tb04745.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1993.73.2.309"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)91303-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.2.1255"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(00)80007-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/002367791780810074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.1988.tb00189.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-0757-3_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(01)00544-5"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"467","article-title":"Hydrocodone use and sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"10","author":"Ho T.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(93)90087-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.04810.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(03)00175-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.2002.1150"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1315724"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10490"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-008-0138-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4720-11.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5080-09.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903500307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-005-0601-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Review of opioid\u2010associated hearing loss and possible mechanism of opioid\u2010mediated endothelin\u20101\u2010dependent cochlear vasoconstriction","volume":"3","author":"Nguyen K. 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