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Now we have studied which brain structures are activated by the amygdala using c\u2010Fos as a marker of neural activation. First, we studied neuronal activation after tetanic stimulation to the amygdala in intact rats. We then carried out a second study in FF\u2010lesioned rats in which the amygdala was stimulated 15\u00a0min after daily spatial memory training in the water maze. Our results showed that amygdala stimulation produces widespread brain activation, that includes cortical, thalamic, and brain stem structures. Activation was particularly intense in the dentate gyrus and the prefrontal cortex. Training in the water maze increased c\u2010Fos positive nuclei in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and in medial prefrontal cortex. Amygdala stimulation to trained FF\u2010lesioned rats induced an increase of neural activity in the dentate gyrus and medial prefrontal cortex relative to the FF\u2010lesioned, but not stimulated group, like the c\u2010Fos activity seen in trained control rats. Based on these and previous results we explain the mechanisms of amygdala reinforcement of neural plasticity and the partial recovery of spatial memory deficits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.22179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,4]],"date-time":"2020-07-04T07:49:55Z","timestamp":1593848995000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Amygdala stimulation ameliorates memory impairments and promotes c\u2010Fos activity in fimbria\u2010fornix\u2010lesioned rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Daymara","family":"Mercer\u00f3n\u2010Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Neurophysiology International Center for Neurological Restoration (CIREN) Havana Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Almaguer\u2010Melian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Neurophysiology International Center for Neurological Restoration (CIREN) Havana Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esteban","family":"Alberti\u2010Amador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Neurophysiology International Center for Neurological Restoration (CIREN) Havana Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00e1ul","family":"Calder\u00f3n\u2010Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Faculty Havana University Havana Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7239-5182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge A.","family":"Bergado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad del Sin\u00fa \u201cEl\u00edas Bechara Zainum\u201d Monter\u00eda Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(93)90110-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021741"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.11.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Post\u2010training stimulation of the basolateral amygdala improves spatial learning in rats with lesion of the fimbria\u2010fornix","volume":"23","author":"Almaguer\u2010Melian W.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00867-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968315572389"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2015.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2007.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"Fimbria\u2010fornix lesion impairs long term potentiation in the dentate gyrus of the rat","volume":"29","author":"Bergado J. 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