{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:16:40Z","timestamp":1791919000969,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021790","name":"Fondation pour la Recherche sur Alzheimer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021790","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017510","name":"UK Dementia Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003792","name":"Hj\u00e4rnfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003792","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010815","name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r Gamla Tj\u00e4narinnor","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010815","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021720","name":"Olav Thon Stiftelsen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021720","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007625","name":"Cure Alzheimer's Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002565","name":"Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002565","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Synapse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Synaptic degeneration has been linked to cognitive decline. The presynaptic protein, synaptosomal\u2010associated protein 25\u00a0kDA (SNAP\u201025), is crucial for synaptic transmission and has been suggested as a biomarker in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the current study, we investigated the ability of SNAP\u201025 to differentiate between heterogenous dementia etiologies and whether SNAP\u201025 could be a staging marker in AD. SNAP\u201025 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a retrospective (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0187) and a prospective (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0134) cohort was investigated with immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry (IP\u2010MS) and single\u2010molecule array (Simoa), respectively. Both cohorts consisted of healthy controls (HC) and patients with cognitive decline of different etiologies. CSF SNAP\u201025 concentration was higher in AD and non\u2010neurodegenerative diseases (i.e., vascular dementia) compared with controls but did not differ between AD and non\u2010AD neurodegenerative diseases. We found a trend toward an association between SNAP\u201025 and disease burden when comparing HC, mild cognitive impairment due to AD, and AD. CSF SNAP\u201025 concentrations were strongly associated with CSF phosphorylated tau (p\u2010tau) concentrations, thus strengthening the link between synaptic dysfunction and tau pathophysiology in AD. Our initial findings suggest that SNAP\u201025 may be a potential biomarker for differentiating AD from dementia due to other etiologies. However, due to the significant association between SNAP\u201025 and p\u2010tau proteins, the clinical utility of SNAP\u201025 as a diagnostic biomarker for AD may be limited, while SNAP\u201025 may be useful for monitoring disease progression or treatment response.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.70010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T06:12:02Z","timestamp":1738822322000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Synaptosomal\u2010Associated Protein 25\u00a0kDA (SNAP\u201025) Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis and Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Sofia Hjorth","family":"Wolner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena Sophia","family":"Gleerup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian Sand\u00f8e","family":"Musaeus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"H\u00f8gh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology Zealand University Hospital  Roskilde Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Ashton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"},{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience Maurice Wohl Institute Clinical Neuroscience Institute King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation  London UK"},{"name":"Centre for Age\u2010Related Medicine Stavanger University Hospital  Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Brinkmalm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lana","family":"Gr\u00f6tschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Zetterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"},{"name":"Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory Sahlgrenska University Hospital  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Disease UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square  London UK"},{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL  London UK"},{"name":"Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases  Clear Water Bay Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaj","family":"Blennow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"},{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience Maurice Wohl Institute Clinical Neuroscience Institute King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital Sorbonne University  Paris France"},{"name":"Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steen Gregers","family":"Hasselbalch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Byriel","family":"Walls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Capital Region Hospital Pharmacy Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5461-162X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja 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