{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T19:27:26Z","timestamp":1774380446344,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Synapse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Propofol (PPF), a commonly employed clinical anesthetic, has elicited growing concern due to its associated neurotoxic effects. However, the functional role and mechanistic insights of microRNA\u20103909 (miR\u20103909) in PPF\u2010induced neurotoxicity remain unexplored. This study sought to elucidate the expression of miR\u20103909 and its underlying molecular mechanisms in the context of PPF\u2010induced neurotoxicity. An in vitro model of \u00a0PPF neurotoxicity was established using SH\u2010SY5Y cells (PPF\u2010SH\u2010SY5Y). Initial assessments via cell counting kit\u20108 (CCK\u20108) and reverse transcription\u2010quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010qPCR) demonstrated that treatment with 50 \u00b5M PPF significantly reduced cell viability and downregulated miR\u20103909 expression. Subsequent functional assays revealed that overexpression of miR\u20103909 effectively alleviated PPF\u2010induced neurotoxicity, as evidenced by enhanced cell viability, suppression of apoptosis, reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Mechanistic investigations, including a dual\u2010luciferase reporter assay, validated that miR\u20103909 directly targets and negatively regulates the expression of polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF). Notably, PTRF was significantly upregulated in PPF\u2010SH\u2010SY5Y cells, and overexpression of PTRF substantially counteracted the neuroprotective effects mediated by miR\u20103909. Collectively, these findings indicate that miR\u20103909 alleviates propofol\u2010induced neurotoxicity by targeting PTRF, thereby providing a potential therapeutic target for this condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.70041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T10:31:03Z","timestamp":1772965863000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Protective Role of miR\u20103909 Against Propofol\u2010Induced Neurotoxicity Through the Regulation of Polymerase I and Transcript Release Factor"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Anesthesia Center Affiliated HongQi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University Mudanjiang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanzhu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology The 63600 Hospital of PLA  Jiuquan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Zhuji Maternal and Child Health Hospital  Zhuji China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University  Dalian Liaoning China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuancheng","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology The Eighth Hospital of Wuhan  Wuhan 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