{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:08:11Z","timestamp":1790240891664,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Synapse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Though the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key terminal region of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system, it is also innervated by noradrenergic inputs from the ventral medulla and contains intrinsic cholinergic neurons. However, the roles of \u03b1\u2010adrenoceptors in regulating basal accumbal cholinergic activity remain unclear. This study employed in vivo microdialysis in unanesthetized rats to investigate the role of \u03b1\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010 and \u03b1\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010adrenoceptors in modulating extracellular acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the NAc. Accumbal administration of the \u03b1\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010agonist UK 14304 (30.0 and 300.0\u00a0pmol) and the \u03b1\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010antagonist RX 821002 (0.6, 600.0, and 6000.0\u00a0pmol) dose\u2010dependently decreased and increased accumbal ACh efflux, respectively. Neither compound (UK 14304: 300.0\u00a0pmol; RX 821002: 6000.0\u00a0pmol) affected basal accumbal dopamine levels. Co\u2010administration of RX 821002 (0.6\u00a0pmol) blocked the UK 14304 (300.0\u00a0pmol)\u2010induced reduction in ACh efflux, whereas UK 14304 (30.0\u00a0pmol) inhibited the RX 821002 (6000.0\u00a0pmol)\u2010induced increase. Intraperitoneal administration of RX 821002 (1.0\u00a0mg\/kg), but not UK 14304 (2.5\u00a0mg\/kg), increased accumbal ACh efflux, which was inhibited by intra\u2010accumbal infusion of UK 14304 (30.0\u00a0pmol). Neither the \u03b1\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010agonist methoxamine (0.24\u00a0pmol) nor the \u03b1\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010antagonist prazosin (6.0\u00a0pmol) altered accumbal ACh levels. Doses of drugs infused indicate the total amount (mol) during the 60\u2010min infusion. These findings indicate that RX 821002 enhances ACh efflux in the NAc by blocking accumbal \u03b1\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010adrenoceptor\u2010mediated inhibition of ACh release. Given that reduced accumbal ACh levels have been implicated in cognitive impairment, systemic administration of \u03b1\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010adrenoceptor antagonists should be investigated for their potential to improve such deficits in experimental models.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.70054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:06:13Z","timestamp":1787238373000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intra\u2010Accumbal Infusions of an \u03b1\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    \u2010Adrenoceptor Agonist and an \u03b1\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    \u2010Adrenoceptor Antagonist Respectively Inhibit and Enhance Acetylcholine but Not Dopamine Efflux in the Nucleus Accumbens of Freely Moving Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Arai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology and Dental Pharmacology Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry at Matsudo  Matsudo Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo  Matsudo Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Aono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo  Matsudo Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Kosuge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology Nihon University School of Pharmacy  Funabashi Chiba 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