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In the extracellular studies in situ and in vitro, both somatic population spikes and dendritic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) fields were depressed reversibly by TFP, applied by microiontophoresis or in the bath (50\u2010100 \u03bcM). Similar effects were also seen during iontophoretic applications of sphingosine in situ. Like TFP (at micromolar concentrations) sphingosine is a dual Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\/calmodulin\u2010dependent kinase and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. In intracellular recordings from slices, 50\u2010100 \u03bcM TFP induced a slow depolarization and a decrease in input resistance (R<jats:sub>N<\/jats:sub>), probably through a \u03b2\u2010aminobutyric acid (GABA)\u2010mediated increase in Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> conductance (G<jats:sub>Cl<\/jats:sub>). TFP also reduced the slow afterhyperpolarization (AHP) as well as electrically evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs), but EPSPs were augmented in both amplitude and duration. When CA1 neurons were voltage clamped, TFP elicited a corresponding inward current (consistent with depolarization), increased the leak conductance, and enhanced excitatory synaptic currents; whereas inhibitory synaptic currents and high\u2010threshold Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> currents were reduced. In conclusion, these effects of TFP\u2013which cannot be readily explained by its potent antidopamine action\u2013are in keeping with other evidence that both Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\/calmodulin\u2010dependent kinase and PKC can modulate G<jats:sub>Cl<\/jats:sub>\u2010conductance and high\u2010threshold Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> \u2010conductance, as well as inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic currents. \u00a9 1993 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890130103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,31]],"date-time":"2004-12-31T21:50:56Z","timestamp":1104529856000},"page":"10-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effects of trifluoperazine on synaptically evoked potentials and membrane properties of CA1 pyramidal neurons of rat hippocampus in situ and in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Agopyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Krnjevi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890070304"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"193","article-title":"Trifluoperazine causes a slow depolarization in hippocampal slices","volume":"15","author":"Agopyan N.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Soc. 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