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In the 1860s cardioactive drugs such as atropine, aconite, and digitalis were assumed to counteract anxiety because it could be associated with tachycardia andlor melancholia. A little later, the emergence of laboratory animal models, culminating in the conditioned avoidance response, and also Freudian psychiatry, permitted the evolution of new definitions of anxiety, as well as the introduction of sedative agents such as KBr, chloral hydrate, and barbiturates for its treatment. The first somewhat selective anxiolytics, reserpine, meprobamate, and chlorpromazine, appe ared in the early 1950s, while in 1959 the benzodiazepines were the first to prove more selective than all the others in a systematic battery of screening tests. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890210103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,31]],"date-time":"2004-12-31T22:25:14Z","timestamp":1104531914000},"page":"10-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The road to tranquility: The search for selective anti\u2010anxiety agents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"J. Worth","family":"Estes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"A Short History of Psychiatry","author":"Ackerknecht E. 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