{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T07:15:43Z","timestamp":1792134943057,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":144,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EB\u2010030024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EB\u2010030024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EB\u2010030558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EB\u2010030558"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL\u2010125084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL\u2010125084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FA9550\u201020\u20101\u20100052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA9550\u201020\u20101\u20100052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transl Biophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Vulvar lichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that leads to scarring and an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma. It presents clinically as atrophic white patches or plaques, often with associated fissures, erosions, hyperkeratosis, purpura or ecchymoses. The chronic inflammation in vulvar lichen sclerosus leads to permanent scarring, resulting in pain syndromes and genitourinary complications. While diagnosis is often made clinically, skin biopsies are considered the gold standard for diagnosis. Additionally, biopsies are often required throughout the course of the disease to monitor for the development of malignancy. Thus, there is a need for noninvasive, high\u2010sensitivity, real\u2010time imaging to evaluate vulvar lichen sclerosus changes. This study presents a proof\u2010of\u2010concept evaluation of a 1.7\u2010\u03bcm optical coherence tomography (OCT)\/OCT angiography (OCTA) system with enhanced penetration depth and high resolution for characterizing the structural and microvascular features of VLS. The primary objective was to evaluate the feasibility of using this imaging technology to quantitatively measure vulvar epithelial thickness and vascular changes across different anatomical sites (labia majora, labia minora, and interlabial sulci) in both VLS patients and healthy controls. By leveraging the increased penetration depth of the 1.7\u2010\u03bcm OCT system, we aimed to provide a deeper understanding of VLS\u2010associated tissue alterations and explore its potential as a non\u2010invasive alternative to biopsies for disease assessment and monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tbio.70000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T03:50:16Z","timestamp":1745466616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in the Assessment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus Vascularity and\u00a0Epithelial Thickness In\u00a0Vivo"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5313-8068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raksha","family":"Sreeramachandra Murthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California  Irvine California USA"},{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute, University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina N.","family":"Kraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicia","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4584-4560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California  Irvine California USA"},{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute, University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.140.6.702"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.0643"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u201cWhat You Need to Know About Vaginal & Vulvar Cancers \u201d2021 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/cancer\/vagvulv\/index.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102559.2005.02209.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404\u2010022\u201006848\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2021.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/lgt.0000000000000760"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000731","article-title":"Dermatoscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography in Vulvar High\u2010Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions and Lichen Sclerosus: A Prospective Observational Trial","volume":"27","author":"Huisman B. W.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1106318"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tmi.2021.3081066"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd013189"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000217539.27432.5a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07634-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17691\/stm2023.15.1.06"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15326-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2024.3473871"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.011429"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","unstructured":"The MathWorks Inc. \u201cMATLAB Version: 9.13.0 (R2022b) \u201d2022 Natick Massachusetts: The MathWorks Inc. https:\/\/www.mathworks.com."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","unstructured":"R. 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I.Batchinsky andZ.Chen \u201cDeep Learning\u2010Based Assessment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) \u201d2023 12354."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14366\/usg.18001"}],"container-title":["Translational Biophotonics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/tbio.70000","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T10:42:35Z","timestamp":1767004955000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/tbio.70000"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/tbio.70000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/tbio.70000","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2627-1850","2627-1850"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2627-1850","type":"print"},{"value":"2627-1850","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70000"}}