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A single oral dose of all\u2010trans retinoic acid at 100 mg\/kg on either day 11.5 or 12.0 of gestation (plug day = day one) was maximally effective; more than 90% of the treated embryos developed reduction defects of the limb bones and an equally high percentage also had cleft palate. The limb development was most sensitive on day 11.5 of gestation while the peak susceptibility for palatal clefts began on day 12.0. Under identical experimental conditions, treatment with 100 mg\/kg 13\u2010cis retinoic acid produced no apparent teratogenic effects. By assessing the relative incidence of readily identifiable malformations of the limb and palate associated with various doses of the two isomers, we found that 13\u2010cis retinoic acid was four to eight times less embry\u2010opathic than all\u2010trans retinoic acid. Since the mechanism of teratogenic action of retinoids is still far from clear, it is suggested that further studies on causative factors will be greatly assisted by the use of these two closely related retinoids, which substantially differ from each other in their teratogenic potency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tcm.1770040407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,4]],"date-time":"2006-02-04T11:55:49Z","timestamp":1139054149000},"page":"377-387","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Comparative teratogenic activities of two retinoids: Effects on palate and limb development"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"D. 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