{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T11:59:12Z","timestamp":1773662352148,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,9]],"date-time":"2005-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1126224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7556,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Teratog Carcinog Mutagen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Normal regeneration of the amputated forelimb of the Japanese newt <jats:italic>Cynops pyrrhogaster<\/jats:italic> and regeneration after a single intraperitoneal injection of three potent mutagenic\/carcinogenic agents was investigated. Three dose levels of each agent and controls were tested for teratogenicity in this newt model with the following chemicals: N\u2010methyl\u2010N\u2032\u2010nitro\u2010N\u2010nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), 4\u2010nitro\u2010quinoline\u20101\u2010oxide, and 2\u2010(2\u2010furyl)\u20103\u2010(5\u2010nitrofuryl)acrylamide. These chemicals were administered at 10 days (late dedifferentiation stage), 20 days (late bud stage), and 30 days (early digits stage) after amputation at the midforelimb. A total of 628 newts, with 16\u201320 animals per group, were used. Normal forelimb regeneration in <jats:italic>Cynops pyrrhogaster<\/jats:italic> closely paralleled that reported for other species. A variety of deformities, including syndactyly, polydactyly, oligodactyly, brachydactyly, and digital branching, were occasionally observed in control regenerating forelimbs, with syndactyly occurring at highest incidence (17.5%).<\/jats:p><jats:p>All three mutagens at all tested dose levels enhanced the incidence of teratogenic changes, though increases were not always statistically significant. MNNG, particularly when administered at the time of initial chondrogenesis (20 days, late bud stage), was especially teratogenic. The type of forelimb deformity was not mutagen\u2010specific in this experiment. As <jats:italic>Cynops pyrrhogaster<\/jats:italic> is easily and inexpensively maintained and tolerates surgery well, this model with the regenerating forelimb should prove useful for further studies on teratogen screening. Also, studies directed toward mutagenic and epigenetic effects of exogenous agents on rapidly proliferating and differentiating tissues can be investigated with this model, which obviates transplacental excursion and metabolism of test compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tcm.1770050303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,3]],"date-time":"2006-02-03T21:53:47Z","timestamp":1139003627000},"page":"137-147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Teratogenic effects of carcinogenic agents on limb regeneration in the japanese newt <i>Cynops pyrrhogaster<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Carl J.","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Fujimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takayoshi","family":"Tobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000398702"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000224932"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02151781"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"425","article-title":"The reaction to carcinogens in the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) in relation to the regeneration field control hypothesis","volume":"26","author":"Ingram AJ","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Embryol Exp Morphol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000398685"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1961.tb03201.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1972.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"63","article-title":"Elicitation of lens formation from the ventral iris epithelium of the newt by a carcinogen, N\u2010methyl\u2010N'\u2010nitro\u2010N\u2010nitrosoguanidine","volume":"30","author":"Eguchi G","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Embryol Exp Morphol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3835(80)90033-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(76)90091-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000224690"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051220306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02026946"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000224985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1050910306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(76)90079-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"861","article-title":"Induction of accessory limbs and of sarcoma in the newt (Triturus viridescens) with carcinogenic substances","volume":"12","author":"Breedis C","year":"1952","journal-title":"Can Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","unstructured":"MurakawaS IwasawaH KinefuchiK:Merits of the Jananese newt Cynops pyrrhogaster as an experimental animal especially for the study of transplantation immunity. Proc. ICLA Asian Pacific Meeting on Laboratory Animals 1971 pp127\u2013130."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.2220\/biomedres.2.194","article-title":"Ultrastructural study of the whorls of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the exocrine pancreatic cells of the straved and re\u2010fed newt","volume":"2","author":"Taira K","year":"1981","journal-title":"Biomed Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00216769"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","unstructured":"MoriH:Observation of the liver sarcoma in the newt Triturus pyrrhogaster. 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