{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T22:16:45Z","timestamp":1758925005878},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,9]],"date-time":"2005-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1126224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6461,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Teratog Carcinog Mutagen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 1 mg\/kg dose of the DNA alkylating agent, N\u2010methyl\u2010N\u2010nitrosourea (MNU), when administered on day 16 of gestation provokes a progressive retinal degeneration in CD\u20101 albino mice reared under standard fluorescent lighting conditions (12 hr light : 12 hr dark); this degeneration begins at about 4 weeks post\u2010natally and worsens with age. It is accelerated by constant fluorescent light exposure but is retarded greatly by constant darkness, suggesting the importance of secondary insults in the post\u2010natal period for development of the degenerative disease. To determine whether the secondary photochemical damage might be specifically blocked, MNU\u2010exposed and control animals in the present study were fed an antioxidant\u2010enriched diet of Purina mouse chow supplemented with 0.75% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). A second group of MNU\u2010exposed and control animals were fed a non\u2010BHT supplemented standard Purina mouse chow diet. Systematic measurements of the number of rows of photoreceptor cell nuclei, the thickness of the inner\/outer segment layer, and the thickness of the whole retina were made, to quantify any degenerative changes in animals 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of age. By 8 weeks, retinas of BHT\u2010fed, MNU\u2010exposed animals were significantly thicker and had more rows of photoreceptor cell nuclei than regular\u2010diet, MNU\u2010exposed animals. Moreover, the retinas of BHT\u2010fed animals, both for MNU\u2010exposed and controls, demonstrated sporadic morphologic changes in the form of circular configurations composed of ganglion cells, arcades of nuclear and plexiform layers, and, in one control animal, a hyperplastic nodule. These experiments suggested that MNU\u2010induced retinal degeneration may be retarded by a BHT\u2010enriched diet; however, continuous high doses of this compound pre\u2010 and post\u2010natally may induce other retinal abnormalities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tcm.1770080402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,4]],"date-time":"2006-02-04T12:23:57Z","timestamp":1139055837000},"page":"175-189","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effects of the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on retinal degeneration induced transplacentally by a single low dosage of n\u2010methyl\u2010N\u2010nitrosourea (MNU)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Sylvia B.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol Beck","family":"Cooke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Lemone 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