{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T03:28:49Z","timestamp":1777951729978,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,9]],"date-time":"2005-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1126224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6461,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Teratog Carcinog Mutagen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied transplacental fetotoxicity, teratogenicity, and mutagenicity in Swiss Webster mice following different doses of cyclophosphamide (CP; 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 mg\/kg), a well\u2010known mutagen\/teratogen, on day 12 of gestation. The fetal survival and weight on day 18 of gestation decreased significantly with increasing CP dose (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). The CP\u2010treated fetuses were also dysmorphic (e.g., shortened limbs, digital defects, cleft palate, open eyes, and hydrocephaly) and the percentage of dysmorphology increased with increasing CP doses (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). To evaluate mutagenesis, a separate group of females received 5\u2010bromodeoxyuridine tablet (50\u2010mg) implants on day 12 of gestation and a CP treatment 8 h later. Fetal liver cells were harvested 24 h post\u2010BrdU implant to analyze sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency and micronuclei. CP caused a significant increase in the SCEs per fetal liver cell from 3.4 \u00b1 0.02 (control) to 90.0 \u00b1 0.04 (20 mg\/kg CP) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). The increasing CP dose was also related to an increase in micronuclei. The data suggest that CP is transplacentally toxic, teratogenic, and mutagenic. Further analyses of the data suggest that the mutagenic effects of CP may in fact contribute indirectly to the CP\u2010related teratogenic effects. Such conclusions are based on path analysis with directional causations associated with SCEs per cell and the dysmorphic features studied.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tcm.1770080403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,3]],"date-time":"2006-02-03T21:56:28Z","timestamp":1139003788000},"page":"191-203","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Transplacental teratogenesis and mutagenesis in mouse fetuses treated with cyclophosphamide"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"A. J.","family":"Porter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. 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