{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T09:55:54Z","timestamp":1791107754229,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,9]],"date-time":"2005-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1126224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5730,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Teratog Carcinog Mutagen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In preparation for a human study of worker exposure to grain fumigants and pesticides, we decided to screen commonly used fumigants for genotoxic effects in vitro. This research strategy was employed to test the possibility that structurally simple chemicals might have similar genotoxic properties in vivo and in vitro. As a first step, we designed our in vitro protocol to mimic to the extent possible, a single in vivo exposure of lymphocytes to fumigants. G<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> lymphocytes were treated with different doses of carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, methyl bromide, chloropicrin, and melathion with and without addition of rat liver homogenate for 1\/2 hour, washed free of toxicant, and stimulated with PHA. After culture, the prepared slides were studied for chromosome aberrations and SCEs. Malathion, methyl bromide, and chloropicrin significantly induced SCEs without S\u20109. Carbon disulfide alone required S\u20109 for significant SCE induction. Chromosome aberrations were significantly increased by malathion and methyl bromide. Carbon tetrachloride failed to induce SCEs or chromosome aberrations with or without S\u20109. We concluded from these preliminary studies and other comparable work that the fumigants studied here may be less likely to express genotoxicity in terms of SCEs or chromosome aberrations than ethylene oxide or phosphine given a single short\u2010term in vivo exposure. The final design of our human study was altered to focus on seasonal worker exposure rather than on a single exposure event.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tcm.1770100104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,4]],"date-time":"2006-02-04T04:23:57Z","timestamp":1139027037000},"page":"21-29","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Preparation for Human Study of Pesticide Applicators: Sister Chromatid Exchanges and Chromosome Aberrations in Cultured Human Lymphocytes Exposed to Selected Fumigants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"V. F.","family":"Garry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. L.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Griffith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Harkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(86)90024-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2860070309"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2860050703"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(83)90059-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(87)90079-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.70.8.2281"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/258121a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"66","volume-title":"International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN)","author":"Perry P","year":"1985"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"461","article-title":"Effect of carbon disulfide on peripheral blood leukocytes I. Effect of carbon disulfide on in vitro chromosome structure and division capability of leukocytes in man","volume":"28","author":"Zajaczek S","year":"1977","journal-title":"Med Pr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408448309128255"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(83)90158-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"82","article-title":"Role of cytochrome P450 in carbon disulfide (CS2)\u2010induced renal toxicity","volume":"9","author":"Kroll RB","year":"1989","journal-title":"Toxicologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-175-41795"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(79)90125-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"154","article-title":"Assessment of the mutagenic potential of carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, ethylene dichloride and methyl bromide: A comparative analysis in relation to ethylene dibromide","volume":"24","author":"Vaughan\u2010Dellarco VL","year":"1988","journal-title":"US Government Reports Announcement and Index (GRA&I)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","unstructured":"Carcinogen Program NCI:NCI Tech Rep Ser 64:40pp.1978."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_3","unstructured":"Bioassay of chloropicrin for possible carcinogenicity. DHEW\/PUB\/NIH\u201078\u20101315 1978 83pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287398109530128"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-7992(83)90055-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-142-36952"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00295693"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(79)90128-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01324375"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","first-page":"98","article-title":"Bioassay of malathion for possible carcinogenicity","volume":"527","author":"Carcinogen Program NCI","year":"1977","journal-title":"NCI Carcinogen Program, Natl Tech Inform Serv, PB\u2010278;"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/9.8.1511"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tcm.1770060103"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","first-page":"357","article-title":"Metabolism of dihalomethane to formaldehyde and inorganic halide. 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