{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T06:12:36Z","timestamp":1791094356790,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,24]],"date-time":"2009-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Chemical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Natural products containing an \u03b1\u2010methylene\u2010\u03b3\u2010butyrolactone moiety, mainly of the sesquiterpene type, are widely observed in plants, which upon coming into contact with skin, will induce major skin toxicological side effects or phytodermatitis. Indeed two main dermatological pathologies have been associated with a skin exposure to molecules containing an \u03b1\u2010methylene\u2010\u03b3\u2010butyrolactone moiety: allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD). ACD is an immunologically based disease resulting from modifications of epidermal proteins by sensitizers or haptens. Indeed, \u03b1\u2010methylene\u2010\u03b3\u2010butyrolactones are highly electrophilic structures that can act as Michael acceptors towards nucleophilic residues of proteins. Cysteine and lysine are the most modified residues leading, in the case of enantiomerically pure lactones, to the formation of diastereomeric adducts. This chemical enantioselectivity induces an enantiospecificity of the allergic reaction, i.e., an individual sensitized to one enantiomer will not develop clinical symptoms when exposed to the other enantiomer and vice versa. Sesquiterpene lactones have been also associated with another pathology that involves UV irradiation and DNA modifications. Interestingly, it was found that \u03b1\u2010methylene\u2010\u03b3\u2010butyrolactones, in addition to their electrophilic properties, were highly photoreactive molecules able to react with thymine\/thymidine to form [2\u2009+\u20092] photoadducts in very high yields. In all cases a <jats:italic>syn<\/jats:italic> regioselectivity was observed, probably associated with the polarization of the exomethylenic bond. This high photoreactivity of \u03b1\u2010methylene\u2010\u03b3\u2010butyrolactones towards thymidine could be an explanation of the progressive evolution of allergic contact dermatitis towards chronic actinic dermatitis. \u00a9 2009 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 9: 000\u2013000; 2009: Published online in Wiley InterScience (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.interscience.wiley.com\">www.interscience.wiley.com<\/jats:ext-link>) <jats:bold>DOI 10.1002\/tcr.200900013<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tcr.200900013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,24]],"date-time":"2009-11-24T06:29:07Z","timestamp":1259044147000},"page":"258-270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["\u03b1\u2010methylene\u2010\u03b3\u2010butyrolactones: versatile skin bioactive natural products"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jean\u2010Pierre","family":"Lepoittevin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Berl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Gim\u00e9nez\u2010Arnau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","volume-title":"Plant Contact Dermatitis","author":"Benezra C.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1971.tb06857.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1992.tb00888.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0896(00)00202-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0896(99)00195-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00294a001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2004.11.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","unstructured":"H. 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