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This review highlights the potential of earth\u2010abundant electrocatalysts, with a particular focus on their capabilities in critical electrochemical reactions, including oxygen evolution reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction, oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction. Emphasis is also placed on bifunctional, trifunctional, and tetrafunctional performance, showcasing their adaptability and effectiveness across diverse energy applications. Exploration is done on a range of promising materials, including transition metal chalcogenides, MXenes, metal\u2010organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and layered double hydroxides. By examining their intrinsic properties, structural versatility, and surface engineering strategies, this review sheds light on the factors that govern their catalytic efficiency and stability. The integration of experimental advancements with theoretical insights provides a deeper understanding of mechanisms driving their catalytic activity. Additionally, we address the scalability, cost\u2010effectiveness, and environmental impact of these materials, underlining their potential for large\u2010scale deployment. 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