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Although, different C\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    surrogates\u00a0have been developed to replace toxic carbon monoxide (CO), many of these require harsh acidic\/basic conditions, metal catalysts, additives, or complex precursors, thereby generating substantial waste with lower atom economy. Herein, oxalic acid emanates as powerful multifaceted C\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    synthon, capable of delivering CO, CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    through clean, additive\u2010free thermal decomposition. The decomposition profile not only enables in\u2009situ gas generation but also uniquely positions oxalic acid as both a carbonyl source and reducing agent. Herein, this account highlights the development of oxalic acid from a traditional reagent to\u00a0strategically important platform in sustainable synthesis. Special emphasis is placed on development of oxalic acid\u2010mediated protocols for functionalized carboxylic acids, ketones, alkynones, thioesters, bis(indolyl)methanes, formamides, heterocycles, and carbocycles synthesis. Furthermore, innovative reaction system designs including single\u2010 and dual\u2010vial systems that employed oxalic acid as sustainable in\u2009situ and ex situ gaseous surrogate have also been highlighted. Overall, this article underscores the practical utility of oxalic acid as a bench\u2010stable, cost\u2010effective, and environmentally benign trifunctional reagent, paving way for next\u2010generation carbonylation chemistry aligned with green synthetic principles.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tcr.202500226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T12:32:14Z","timestamp":1764160334000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multifaceted Role of Oxalic Acid in Organic Synthesis: A Sustainable C\n                    <sub>1<\/sub>\n                    and Hydrogen Surrogate for Catalytic Transformations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"family":"Sheetal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Technology Department CSIR\u2010 Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology  Palampur India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific 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