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While visible\u2010light photocatalysis was originally developed in the context of small\u2010molecule synthesis, recent years have witnessed its rapid expansion into the selective modification of peptides and proteins under biologically compatible conditions. When photocatalysts are localized through ligands, antibodies, nanomaterials, or genetic fusion, photochemical reactivity becomes confined to defined molecular neighborhoods, giving rise to photocatalytic proximity labeling as a distinct chemical approach for probing biomolecular interactions. This review summarizes advances in photocatalyst\u2010enabled protein modification and proximity labeling reported up to 2025. 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