{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:32:02Z","timestamp":1790775122648,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,28]],"date-time":"2002-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1025222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Teratology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purine analog 2\u2010chloro\u20102\u2032\u2010deoxyadenosine (2\u2010CdA) caused ocular and limb defects in the mouse and rabbit. The current study examined the teratogenic potential of this drug in the rat and compared the adverse developmental outcomes with the other species.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Timed\u2010pregnant Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of various doses of 2\u2010CdA ranging from 5\u201360 mg\/kg, at gestational day (GD) 9.5 and GD 14. 2\u2010CdA concentrations in maternal serum and embryos were measured by HPLC and termed fetuses were prepared for teratological examination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Full\u2010litter resorption was seen in dams receiving 50 mg\/kg of 2\u2010CdA at GD 9.5, whereas post\u2010implantation loss was significantly increased and fetal weights significantly reduced at 40 mg\/kg. Gross examination of the surviving fetuses revealed microphthalmia, a shortened body trunk and lumbar hernia, manifested by a soft mass protrusion at the lumbar region on one or both sides of the spine. Incidence of these defects increased in a dose\u2010dependent fashion. Histological examination indicated that the hernia was associated with hypoplasia of the body wall, poorly developed skeletal muscle bundles surrounding the vertebral column in the lumbar region, and an absence of the lateral muscle groups that allowed protrusion of the abdominal viscera. The lumbar hernia was generally accompanied by spina bifida, deformed ribs and a wide spectrum of soft tissue\u2010abnormalities that included kidney, genitourinary and heart defects. At GD 14, exposure to 2\u2010CdA at 60 mg\/kg produced oligodactyly in one of six litters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>2\u2010CdA produced similar ocular defects in the rat and mouse, although the incidence was much lower in the former species. In contrast, the drug\u2010induced lumbar hernia was only seen in the rat. These apparent disparities were not readily explained by species differences in pharmacokinetic parameters. the similarities between the teratological features of 2\u2010CdA\u2010induced lumbar hernia in the rat and the clinical description of lumbocostovertebral syndrome, however, may provide a key to unlock the etiology of this rare birth defect in humans. Teratology 66:6\u201318, 2002. 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