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These diets, which resulted in alcohol blood levels of 73.398 mg\/100 ml blood in nonpregnant females, were the sole sustenance for the females for at least 30 days before and throughout gestation. Females were killed on day 18 of gestation and offspring examined for skeletal and soft tissue anomalies. Prenatal death and maldevelopment increased with the level of alcohol intake. Deficient occiput ossification, neural anomalies, and low fetal weight occurred with low ethanol diets, and cardiac and eyelid dysmorphology with higher ethanol diets. This pattern of mal\u2010formations, which exhibited both a dose\u2010response effect and strain differences in susceptibility, indicated that chronic maternal alcoholism is embryolethal and teratogenic in mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420150303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T14:14:04Z","timestamp":1118499244000},"page":"223-229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":293,"title":["The fetal alcohol syndrome in mice: An animal model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Gerald F.","family":"Chernoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)90386-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10520296209114589"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-77-2-249"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.177.4051.811"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"218","article-title":"Fetal alcohol syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Ferrier P. 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