{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T15:14:19Z","timestamp":1764688459620},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,19]],"date-time":"2005-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1116460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8753,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Teratology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intraperitoneal injection of acrylonitrile at 1.51\u20132.26 mmole\/kg (80\u2013120 mg\/kg) or propionitrile at 0.54\u20131.51 mmole\/kg (30\u201383 mg\/kg) on the morning of Day 8 of gestation in the hamster induced exencephaly, encephalocoeles, and rib fusions and bifurcations in the offspring. These doses of the aliphatic nitriles also resulted in obvious toxicity to the dams. Multiple intraperitoneal injections of sodium thiosulfate at 4.03 mmole\/kg (1 gm\/kg) protected both dams and embryos against toxicity. When the larger doses of either acrylonitrile or propionitrile were given in the presence of sodium thiosulfate, teratogenic effects were observed in the absence of overt signs of maternal poisoning. A survey of the literature describes many studies which demonstrate that acrylonitrile and propionitrile are converted in vivo to toxicologically significant concentrations of cyanide and that sodium thiosulfate, an established cyanide antagonist, can provide protective actions against poisoning by either acrylonitrile or propionitrile. The observations suggest that the teratogenic effects of both acrylonitrile and propionitrile are related to the metabolic release of cyanide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420230306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T14:38:02Z","timestamp":1118500682000},"page":"317-323","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Teratogenic effects of aliphatic nitriles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Calvin C.","family":"Willhite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vergil H.","family":"Ferm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger P.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cen-v055n035.p006a"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"106","article-title":"Akrylonitril: Akute Toxizitat und Wirkungsmechanismus","volume":"3","author":"Bene\u0161 V.","year":"1959","journal-title":"J. Hyg. Epidemiol. Microbiol. Immunol. (Praha)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"128","article-title":"Acrylonitrile: Spectrophotometric determination, acute toxicity, and mechanism of action","volume":"6","author":"Brieger H.","year":"1952","journal-title":"Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"344","article-title":"The modern treatment of cyanide poisoning","volume":"37","author":"Chen K. K.","year":"1944","journal-title":"J. Indiana State Med. Assoc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(78)90239-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Enviro Control Inc.(1978)Economic Impact Assessment for Acrylonitrile. Contract Report J\u20109\u2010F\u201060229 Dept. of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration Washington D.C. 20210."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"452","article-title":"The use of the golden hamster in experimental teratology","volume":"17","author":"Ferm V. H.","year":"1967","journal-title":"Lab. Animal Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0170199"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"Intoxication exp\u00e9rimentale par le propionitrile","volume":"2","author":"Fromont B.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Pharm. Lille"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"305","article-title":"Nitrile acrilico: tossicita' e meccanismo d'azione","volume":"45","author":"Ghiringhelli L.","year":"1954","journal-title":"Med. Lavoro"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"192","article-title":"Studio comparativo sulla tossicita' di alcuni nitrili e di alcune amidi","volume":"47","author":"Ghiringhelli L.","year":"1956","journal-title":"Med. Lavoro"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products","author":"Gosselin R. E.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(65)90138-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1121275"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00353240"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Intoxication exp\u00e9rimentale par l'acrylonitrile","volume":"2","author":"Haguenoer J. M.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Pharm. Lille"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01824916"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287398009529851"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1117621"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"495","article-title":"Industrial hygiene in synthetic rubber manufacture","volume":"12","author":"Mallette F. S.","year":"1943","journal-title":"Ind. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"261","article-title":"Mesodermal alterations induced by vitamin A","volume":"15","author":"Marin\u2010Padilla M.","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Congenital Malformations of the Spine and Spinal Cord","author":"Marin\u2010Padilla M.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Notochordal\u2010basichondrocranium relationships: Abnormalities in experimental axial skeletal (dysraphic) disorders","volume":"53","author":"Marin\u2010Padilla M.","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Somite necrosis and developmental malformation induced by vitamin A in the golden hamster","volume":"13","author":"Marin\u2010Padilla M.","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1538208"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Izmenenie immunologicheskoi reaktivnosti organizma uchashchikhsia professional 'no\u2010tekhnicheskogo uchilishcha v period praktiki v proizvodstve nitrona","volume":"5","author":"Mavrina Y. A.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Gig. Sanit."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Gas\u2010solid chromatographic\u2010mass spectrophotometric confirmation of low levels of acrylonitrile after distillation from food\u2010simulating solvents","volume":"62","author":"McNeal T.","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"Comparative toxicity of methacrylonitrile and acrylonitrile","volume":"31","author":"McOmie W. A.","year":"1949","journal-title":"J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(77)90169-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(78)80222-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Criteria and Recommended Standard for Nitriles","author":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-3575(72)90011-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"Slucaj akutne profesionalne intoksikacije akrilonitrilom","volume":"23","author":"Oru\u0161ev T.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Arh. Hig. Rada Toksikol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"Symptoms of chronic occupational acrylonitrile poisoning","volume":"19","author":"Oru\u0161ev T.","year":"1973","journal-title":"God. Zb. Med. Fak. Skopje"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Toxicity of drinking water containing acrylonitrile (AN) in rats: Results after 12 months","author":"Quast J. F.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","first-page":"273","article-title":"Epidemiological study of health impairment among acrylonitrile workers","volume":"48","author":"Sakurai H.","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Sci. Labor (Japan)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1945.02860070021006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"K voprosu o kliniko\u2010gematologich eskikh sdvigakh u rabochikh proizvodstva nitrila akrilovoi kisloty Saratovskogo khimkombinata","volume":"12","author":"Shustov V. Ya.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Gig. Tr. Prof. Zabol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Clinical picture of chronic poisoning in the production of nitrone","volume":"3","author":"Shustov V. Ya.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Gig. Tr. Prof. Zabol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","first-page":"239","volume-title":"Toxicology, The Basic Science of Poisons","author":"Smith R. P.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Direct testimony in the matter of acrylonitrile copolymers used to fabricate beverage containers","author":"Smith R. P.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1538756"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","first-page":"532","volume-title":"Chemical Technology, Petroleum Organic Chemicals","author":"Thompson A. R.","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"Reviews of Environmental Effects of Pollutants: V. Cyanide. Oak Ridge National Laboratory\/EIS\u201081, Envrionmental Protection Agency \u2010 600\/1\u201078\u2010027","author":"Towill L. E.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(77)90028-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","unstructured":"Willhite C. C.(1979)Studies on the Basis of the Toxicity of Aliphatic Organonitriles. Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Dartmouth College Hanover New Hampshire 245pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1944.02850110025007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Working conditions in the production of acrylonitrile and their influence on the worker's organism","volume":"8","author":"Zotova L. V.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Gig. Tr. Prof. Zabol."}],"container-title":["Teratology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Ftera.1420230306","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/tera.1420230306","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]],"date-time":"2023-11-12T09:35:17Z","timestamp":1699781717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/tera.1420230306"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1981,6]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/tera.1420230306"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/tera.1420230306","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0040-3709","1096-9926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0040-3709","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1981,6]]}}}