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Behavioral outcome was determined by two different techniques\u2014the residential maze, which provided a 24\u2010hour measure of horizontal movement frequency in a group of animals, and time\u2010lapse photography, which allowed quantification of frequency, duration, distribution, and sequencing of 15 motor acts performed by individual rats. Phenytoin induced significant, sex\u2010related changes in motor behavior. Ten\u2010week\u2010old females exposed in utero to phenytoin displayed hypoactivity comprised of a longer duration, greater frequency, and more random distribution of grooming behaviors. Prenatally exposed males at that age displayed an opposite effect of hyperactivity consisting of a longer duration and greater frequency of exploratory behaviors. It appears that prenatal exposure to phenytoin may affect normal maturational changes in motor behavior so that immature activity levels are maintained in the adult animal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420270203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T14:45:00Z","timestamp":1118501100000},"page":"149-157","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Behavioral outcome after prenatal exposure to phenytoin in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Phyllis","family":"Mullenix","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa Sherman","family":"Tassinari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Keith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7233232"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"214","article-title":"Aggregation as a factor influenceing the toxicity of sympathomimetic amines in mice","volume":"87","author":"Chance M. 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