{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T07:05:30Z","timestamp":1762067130102},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,31]],"date-time":"2005-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7669,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Teratology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The most obvious characteristics of the fetal alcohol syndrome are a cluster of minor, physical malformations that are rather nonspecific and that vary greatly in the frequency and severity of expression. The most common characteristrics are general body and organ growth deficits, including microcephaly. The most debilitating characteristics, however, are central nervous system (CNS) dysfunctions, such as behavioral and intellectual impairments, which appear to be closely related to the growth deficits. The mechanisms whereby alcohol exerts its deleterious effects on intrauterine growth and development are being intensively investigated. Because of its pharmacological properties, maternal consumption of alcohol is associated with widespread effects throughout the maternal\u2010placental\u2010fetal organism, many of which can secondarily alter the in utero environment. Both direct and indirect mechanisms are discussed with respect to their contribution to alcoholrelated effects on embryofetal growth and development. It is suggested that impairment in the protein synthetic machinery, resulting in cellular growth restriction at critical periods of development is the common mechanism underlying alcohol's teratogenicity. Because the development of the CNS is so prolonged and complex compared to other organ systems, it is exquisitely vulnerable to derangement throughout pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420290306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T14:49:19Z","timestamp":1118501359000},"page":"363-368","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The pathogenesis of brain abnormalities in the fetal alcohol syndrome: An integrating hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"L. A.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.87.1.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Animals Studies","author":"Abel E. L.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(77)90310-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Animal Studies","author":"Boggan W. O.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(83)91050-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.573922"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000457447"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80072-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0979-112"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7189297"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1981.tb04916.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(77)90043-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(81)90193-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"151","volume-title":"Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Animal Studies","author":"Henderson G. I.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"465","article-title":"Inhibition of placental valine uptake after acute and chronic maternal alcohol consumption","volume":"216","author":"Henderson G. I.","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.15288\/qjsa.1972.33.485","article-title":"Placental transfer and tissue distribution of ethanol\u20101\u201014C. An autoradiographic study in monkeys and hamsters","volume":"33","author":"McIsaac","year":"1972","journal-title":"Q.J. Stud. Alcohol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1976.tb52873.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1978.tb04716.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"148","article-title":"The health and fecundity of mice fed a \u201cnutritionally adequate\u201d liquid diet","volume":"199","author":"Kennedy L. A.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"Kennedy L. A.(in press) Changes in the term mouse placenta associated with alcohol consumption and fetal growth deficits.Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","article-title":"Reduction in the plating efficiency of the fetal neural precursor cells following maternal alcohol consumption","volume":"1","author":"Kennedy L. A.","journal-title":"Int. J. Develop. Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Placental pathology and changes in placental binding of [125I] basic somatomedin (B\u2010SM) associated with alcohol\u2010related fetal growth deficits","volume":"4","author":"Kennedy L. A.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc. Can. W. Soc. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(82)90581-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0376-25"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6890235"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-196705000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"723","article-title":"Ribosomal protein synthesis in the fetal and neonatal rat brain as influenced by maternal alcohol consumption","volume":"12","author":"Rawatt A.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1030623"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","first-page":"223","volume-title":"Human Nutrition: Metabolic and Clinical Applications","author":"Shaw S.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0736-5748(83)90245-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"130","article-title":"Effect of prenatal alcohol exposure on amine and peptide neurotransmitter systems","volume":"9","author":"Shoemaker W. J.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Monographs in Neural Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith D. W.(1979)The fetal alcohol syndrome. Hosp. Pract. Oct.:121\u2013129.","DOI":"10.1080\/21548331.1979.11707631"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1980.tb05628.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6992275"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6795717"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0736-5748(83)90292-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Nutrition and the Brain","author":"Tabakoff B.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00703322"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","first-page":"572","article-title":"Interaction of ethanol and nutrition during gestation: Influence on maternal and offspring development in the rat","volume":"216","author":"Weiner S. G.","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/109.9.1534"}],"container-title":["Teratology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Ftera.1420290306","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/tera.1420290306","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T08:49:28Z","timestamp":1697791768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/tera.1420290306"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,6]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/tera.1420290306"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/tera.1420290306","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0040-3709","1096-9926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0040-3709","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,6]]}}}