{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T22:54:41Z","timestamp":1698015281238},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,26]],"date-time":"2005-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7177,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Teratology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comparisons were made of rat embryos cultured at 5% or 20% oxygen in the presence of salicylate (SAL), cyclophosphamide (CP), niridazole (NDZ), or phosphoramide mustard (PM). Multiple regression analyses were used to compare the effects of drug concentration, oxygen concentration, and the product of drug times oxygen concentration on malformation incidence, viability, and protein content of embryos cultured for 24 hours. Drug concentration significantly affected malformation incidence or severity and protein content (P &lt; 0.001) for the four drugs tested. Oxygen concentration significantly affected protein content for the four compounds (P &lt; 0.001) but affected malformation incidence only with NDZ. Furthermore, the interaction of oxygen concentration and drug concentration significantly affected the malformation incidence in the presence of NDZ (P &lt; 0.001), and protein content (P &lt; 0.001) and viability (P &lt; 0.001) in the presence of CP.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The pattern of significant effects of the independent variables (drug concentration, oxygen concentration, and drug times oxygen concentration) is consistent with the hypotheses of oxygen\u2010dependent metabolism (or lack of metabolism) of the drugs in question. NDZ, which is thought to be converted to reactive intermediates by an oxygen\u2010inhibited nitroreductase, was more toxic at reduced oxygen tension. CP, which is activated by an oxygen\u2010dependent P\u2010450 system, was more toxic with increased oxygen tension. Significant effects of the independent variables on embryos exposed to SAL or PM were consistent with the effects on control embryos, notably, increased protein content with increased oxygen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420320217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T14:53:14Z","timestamp":1118501594000},"page":"287-295","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The effect of oxygen concentration on the teratogenicity of salicylate, niridazole, cyclophosphamide, and phosphoramide mustard in rat embryos in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"J. C.","family":"Greenaway","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. E.","family":"Mirkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. A.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. R.","family":"Juchau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. H.","family":"Shepard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. G.","family":"Fantel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1159\/000469606","article-title":"Lsozymes of lactate dehydrogenase in fetal rat liver. Their correlation with blood oxygen concentration","volume":"29","author":"Arizmendi C.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Enzyme"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"4599","article-title":"Relative importance of bacterial and mammalian nitroreductases for niridazole mutagenesis","volume":"40","author":"Blumer J. L.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"363","article-title":"Teratogenic effects of cyclophosphamide (NCS\u2010267271) in the rat","volume":"51","author":"Chaube S.","year":"1967","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"276","volume-title":"Pharmacologic Principles of Cancer Treatment","author":"Colvin M.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(79)90491-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"39A","article-title":"Axial asymmetry resulting from exposure of rat embryos to niridazole in vitro","volume":"25","author":"Fantel A. G.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198401263100404"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420260209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(84)90280-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5400","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(20)81903-6","article-title":"The effect of NADH and low oxygen pressure on the hepatic microsomal ethylmorphine N\u2010demethylase activity of the male rat","volume":"258","author":"Holtzman J. L.","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420040104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(71)90367-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"257","article-title":"The effect of sodium salicylate on the rat embryo in culture: an in vitro model for the morphological assessment of teratogenicity","volume":"133","author":"McGarrity C.","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Antat."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(81)90436-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Effect of oxygen concentration on morphogenesis of cranial neural folds and neural crest in cultured rat embryos","volume":"54","author":"Morriss G. M.","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6320368"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01020078"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1978.tb00993.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0480219"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Statistical Package for the Social Sciences","author":"Nie N. H.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.65.4.1001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1040790312"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(83)90037-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420180308"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod20.3.639"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(83)90132-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-135-34985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","first-page":"363","article-title":"The formation of 1 thiocarbamoyl\u20102\u2010imidazolidinone from niridazole in mouse intestine","volume":"217","author":"Tracy J. W.","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","first-page":"315","article-title":"Experimental production of congenital malformations in rats by salicylate poisoning","volume":"35","author":"Warkany J.","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."}],"container-title":["Teratology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Ftera.1420320217","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/tera.1420320217","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T05:17:23Z","timestamp":1697865443000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/tera.1420320217"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985,10]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/tera.1420320217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/tera.1420320217","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0040-3709","1096-9926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0040-3709","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985,10]]}}}