{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T17:08:08Z","timestamp":1760548088281},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,26]],"date-time":"2005-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7054,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Teratology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Effects of caffeine administration to Hamburger\u2010Hamilton stage 19 chick embryos (3 days of incubation) were investigated. A morphologic study of the effect of caffeine on cardiogenesis showed that caffeine produced total cardiac malformations in the chick in a dose\u2010related fashion. A maximum frequency of 70.6% was observed with 4.7 mg caffeine. Major malformations included common aorticopulmonary trunk and dextroposition of the aorta accompanied by ventricular septal defect with\/without pulmonary stenosis. Qualitative analysis of cinegraphs following exposure of embryos to a single teratogenic dose of caffeine (3.5 mg\/egg) produced marked alterations in cardiac function when compared with chick Ringer's controls. Within 3 minutes after exposure to caffeine, dilation of the common ventricle and weak ventricular contractility were observed and persisted for 1 hour. Dose\u2010response data and microcinematographic observations suggest that caffeine induced cardiac anomalies by a direct toxic effect on the embryo rather than by altering cardiac cell function. Our data also suggest that pathophysiologic changes in cardiac function may play an important role in the pathogenesis of caffeine\u2010induced cardiac anomalies in the chick embryo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420330115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T14:55:04Z","timestamp":1118501704000},"page":"119-126","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Pulmonary stenosis with ventricular septal defect, common aorticopulmonary trunk, and dextroposition of the aorta: Morphologic and qualitative physiologic effects in caffeine\u2010treated chick embryos"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Harold J.","family":"Bruyere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshio","family":"Nishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Uno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer E.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enid F.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.30.4.367"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420280110"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"279","volume-title":"Congenital Heart Disease\u2010Causes and Processes","author":"Bruyere H. 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