{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T19:31:31Z","timestamp":1760297491552},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,28]],"date-time":"2005-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6571,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Teratology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sprague\u2010Dawley rats were gavaged once daily on days 7\u201318 of gestation with, 100, 150, or 200 mg\/kg of phenytoin. Only the highest dose of phenytoin decreased maternal weight during gestation or increased offspring mortality up to weaning. Offspring were evaluated for activity prior to weaning (pivoting and photocell) and afterwards (figure 8, open\u2010field, and holeboard), dynamic righting development, maze learning (Biel maze), and visual discrimination (Y maze), and for startle reaction to both auditory and tactile stimuli. The highest dose of phenytoin produced increased activity on all tests of activity, delayed dynamic righting development, impaired Biel maze and Y\u2010maze learning, and inhibited tactile startle responses. The two lower doses of phenytoin generally showed a dose\u2010effect relationship with values on most measures intermediate between values for controls and for the highest\u2010dose group. Dose\u2010effect relationships were most evident on measures of early activity (both tests), dynamic righting, and Biel maze learning, whereas only trends were evident on measures of later activity, Y maze, and startle. A dose\u2010related rotational defect was found in a minority of phenytoin offspring, and although these individuals contributed to the behavioral abnormalities observed, they in no instance accounted for the overall pattern of effects seen in the phenytoin offspring. Maternal plasma phenytoin levels at the end of treatment were doserelated. Offspring showed no effects on postnatal growth, total brain weight, or brain protein content as adults. The data support the view that phenytion is a potent behavioral teratogen at doses well below those causing any evidence of gross teratogenicity or embryotoxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420350302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T15:02:38Z","timestamp":1118502158000},"page":"287-303","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Fetal hydantoin syndrome in rats: Dose\u2010effect relationships of prenatal phenytoin on postnatal development and behavior"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Charles V.","family":"Vorhees","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"439","article-title":"Early age differences in the maze performance of the albino rats","volume":"56","author":"Biel W. C.","year":"1940","journal-title":"J. Genet. 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