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The earliest effect of oligohydramnios is the appearance of a periendothelial oedema which separates the mesodermal cellular processes from the endothelial basal lamina. The loosening of the latter and the distortion of the endothelial cells occur almost simultaneously. Subsequent damage of the mesodermal cells ensues, the ectoderm and the preskeletal condensations remaining unaffected. Only general damage of the embryo affecting all tissues will lead to the complete necrosis of the limb bud and even to foetal death. The great variability of skeletal defects observed in amniocentesis syndrome can be accounted for by the higher resistance of the differentiating cells to a decrease in blood supply.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420360114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T15:04:31Z","timestamp":1118502271000},"page":"107-116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Subcellular effects of experimental oligohydramnios on the developing rat limb"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Jean\u2010Jacques","family":"Houben","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Huygens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.3.2.245","article-title":"Cytological and cyto\u2010chemical studies on cell death and digestion in the foetal rat foot: The role of macrophages hydrolytic enzymes","volume":"3","author":"Ballard K. 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Morphol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000239839"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Human Embryology","author":"Hamilton W. J.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.8.1.229","article-title":"Tetrazolium salt and electron microscopic studies of cellular degeneration and necrosis in the interdigital areas of the developing chick limb","volume":"8","author":"Hammar S. P.","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Houben J. J.(1980)Limb malformations induced in the rat by amniotic puncture. Teratology of the limbs. H.J. Merker H. Nau and D. 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