{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:10:09Z","timestamp":1760217009618},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,28]],"date-time":"2005-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6326,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Teratology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pregnant C57BL\/6cr mice were fed a liquid diet containing 20% of the total calories from either ethanol (E) or sucrose (S) for gestation days 5\u201317. Adult male and female (six of each from both prenatal\u2010treatment groups) offspring were tested under various schedules of food reinforcement. The first phase was a test of fixed\u2010ratio (FR) acquisition in which the required number of responses per unit of reinforcement was increased from 1 to 20 to 100. Prenatal ethanol exposure interacted with other factors to produce an acquisition deficit. The second phase involved responding under extinction (Ext). Under standard Ext procedures there were no prenatal\u2010ethanol effects; however, when a conditioned reinforcer was superimposed on an FR 5, the E males did not increase their rates as much as the S males. Finally, under a multiple FR 5 DRO 15\u2010sec (differential\u2010reinforcement\u2010of\u2010other\u2010behavior) arrangement, prenatal\u2010ethanol effects were found in each component. For the FR 5 component, prenatal ethanol eliminated the sex differences found in the S subjects. For the DRO 15\u2010sec component, prenatal ethanol elevated response rates. The results indicate a general decreased efficacy of positive reinforcement in adult mice following prenatal ethanol exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420370206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,12]],"date-time":"2005-06-12T00:18:47Z","timestamp":1118535527000},"page":"135-144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Prenatal ethanol weakens the efficacy of reinforcers for adult mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"G. David","family":"Gentry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence D.","family":"Middaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1982.tb04993.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(87)90087-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(73)90108-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0040208"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"207","article-title":"Operant DRL performance in rats following prenatal alcohol exposure","volume":"2","author":"Driscoll C. D.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Neurobehav. 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