{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:30:49Z","timestamp":1791912649195,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]],"date-time":"2005-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6209,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Teratology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ethanol was orally administered once per week to 54 gravid pigtailed macaques (<jats:italic>Macaca nemestrina<\/jats:italic>) in doses of 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.5 or 4.1 gm\/kg from the 1st week in gestation or in doses of 2.5, 3.3, or 4.1 gm\/kg from the 5th week. Mean maternal mean peak plasma ethanol concentrations (MPPEC) ranged from 24 \u00b1 6 mg\/dl at the 0.3 gm\/kg dose to 549 \u00b1 71 mg\/dl at the 4.1 gm\/kg dose. Thirty\u2010three viable infants were followed from birth to 6 months of age and assessed for growth, health, congenital anomalies and developmental rate. Facial anomalies, growth deficiency, or central nervous system dysfunction were found in 57% of the alcohol\u2010exposed animals. No animal showed all the features of the human fetal alcohol syndrome. Ten of the twelve animals (83%) with mean MPPEC above 140 mg\/dl had evidence of a teratogenic impact. The animals with full gestational exposure to ethanol and mean MPPEC between 140 and 249 mg\/dl had much more severe and consistent cognitive abnormalities than the animals with delayed gestational exposures, even though the latter were exposed to mean MPPEC between 260 and 540 mg\/dl. Conclusions from this study included: 1) ethanol\u2010related behavioral teratogenesis occurred without accompanying physical anomalies, 2) measurable teratogenic effects from <jats:italic>weekly<\/jats:italic> exposures occurred only at intoxicating doses of ethanol, and 3) early gestational exposure to ethanol appeared to be more damaging to cognitive function than later and considerably greater alcohol exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420370605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T15:08:38Z","timestamp":1118502518000},"page":"561-569","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Physical anomalies and developmental delays in nonhuman primate infants exposed to weekly doses of ethanol during gestation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Sterling K.","family":"Clarren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan J.","family":"Astley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas M.","family":"Bowden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Alcohol and Brain Development","author":"Bond N. 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