{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T13:15:33Z","timestamp":1773839733022,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]],"date-time":"2005-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5936,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Teratology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Curtailed<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>), a dominant mutation on mouse chromosome 17, causes a tailless phenotype and occasional hindlimb paralysis in heterozygotes. Histologically, <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>\/ + embryos show a variety of abnormalities including budding and ventral duplication of the developing spinal cord, duplication and intermittent absence of the notochord, and partial or complete absence of bony vertebrae, all posterior to midliver level. When <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> is heterozygous with <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010haplotypes that contain the \u201ctail interaction factor,\u201d <jats:italic>tct<\/jats:italic>, the phenotype is more severe, and a dorsal blood blister exists in the lumbosacral area. Our microscopic observations reveal that <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>\/t<jats:sup>w5<\/jats:sup> mice have a lumbosacral spina bifida with meningomyelocele. This results from the absence of bony vertebrae, extensive thinning of the dermis dorsally, and the rupturing of the previously closed neural tube, probably by increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure on the necrotic, attenuated roof plate. Thinning of the roof plate, which facilitates the rupturing of the spinal cord, is not observed in <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>\/ +, which suggests that this phenomenon is associated with the interaction of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> with the <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010allele. Later in the development of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>\/t<jats:sup>w5<\/jats:sup> embryos, adjacent blood vessels are ruptured, resulting in hemorrhage into the CSF space to give the external appearance of a blood blister. <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>\/ + mice also show an absence of bony vertebrae dorsally in the lumbosacral region, but they lack the dorsal blood blister, and the dermal layer overlying the bony defect retains its normal thickness; these observations describe a spina bifida occulta.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420390312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,12]],"date-time":"2005-06-12T04:07:07Z","timestamp":1118549227000},"page":"303-312","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["A mouse model for neural tube defects: The <i>Curtailed (T<sup>c<\/sup>)<\/i> mutation produces spina bifida occulta in <i>T<sup>c<\/sup><\/i>\/ + animals and spina bifida with meningomyelocele in <i>T<sup>c<\/sup><\/i>\/<i>t<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Chong\u2010Hiyo T.","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey H.","family":"Pruitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorothea","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.237.1.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"Familial presacral teratomas","volume":"11","author":"Asheraft K. W.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Birth Defects"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(75)90033-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1400700306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420340314"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/23.6.573","article-title":"Development of two tailless mutants in the house mouse","volume":"23","author":"Gluecksohn\u2010Schoenheimer S.","year":"1938","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"424","article-title":"Genetical studies on the skeleton of the mouse. XXIII. The development of Brachyury and Anury","volume":"6","author":"Gruneberg H.","year":"1958","journal-title":"J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"The Pathology of Development. 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