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Affected embryos displayed abnormal twisting or kinking of the neural tube. Gross anaemia was also frequently observed, and the protein content of the embryos was markedly less than that of embryos grown in normal rat serum. Supplementation of the deficient serum with folic acid improved growth and greatly reduced the occurrence of deformities. It virtually eliminated the incidence of gross anaemia but only partially restored the protein content of the embryos to the level observed in those grown in normal rat serum. The effects of the folate deficiency could be eliminated by supplementation with normal rat serum. The data indicate that embryos have a requirement for adequate folate in order for normal growth and differentiation to take place; they also suggest that some of the embryopathic effects of maternal folate deficiency are mediated by secondary effects on maternal metabolism. This may take the form of a disturbance in the production of maternally synthesised growth factors necessary for normal embryonic development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420390409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,12]],"date-time":"2005-06-12T04:10:32Z","timestamp":1118549432000},"page":"375-385","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Growth of 9.5\u2010day rat embryos in folic\u2010acid\u2010deficient serum"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Pamela N.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret K.","family":"Pratten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Congenital Anomalies of the Face and Associated Structures","author":"Asling C. 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