{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T05:46:40Z","timestamp":1698212800821},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]],"date-time":"2005-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5691,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Teratology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>3,3\u2010Dimethyl\u20101\u2010phenyltriazene (DMPT) is a methylating agent which is teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic. A single intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg DMPT\/kg given to pregnat rats on day 12 of gestation produces malformations with minimal maternal toxicity. Malformations include skeletal deformities such as micrognatism, cleft palate, and digital malformations, as well as central nervous system hypoplasia. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the light and electron microscopic alterations produced by DMPT. Electron microscopy (EM) revealed that at 4 hr postinjection of DMPT, rare cells of the neural tube contained few membrane\u2010bound aggregations of organelles and condensed chromatin; this change was consistent with apoptosis, a type of cell death characterized by morphologic and biochemical alterations distinct from necrosis. At 8 hr postinjection, apoptosis was more prominent in the neural tube and also observed in the mandibular process. At 16 hr postinjection, numerosu apoptotic cells were interspersed with unaffected cells that contained phagocytized apoptotic bodies. Light microscopic examination of DMPT\u2010exposed conceptuses showed apoptosis in the neural tube at 24 hr postinjection. Forty\u2010eight hours postinjection, apoptosis, in decreasing order of severity, was observed in the neural tube, craniofacial processes, limb buds, and somites and liver. Apoptosis was absent in all tissues by 72 hr postinjection. Nervous tissues failed to achieve proper histologic organization, but all other tissues appeared microscopically normal from 72 hr postinjection until the end of gestation. There appeared to be some degree of tissue specificity to the effects of DMPT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420400512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T15:45:26Z","timestamp":1118504726000},"page":"495-504","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Teratogenicity of 3,3\u2010dimethyl\u20101\u2010phenyltriazene in the rat: Histopathologic and ultrastructural alterations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Anthony A.","family":"Frank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evelyn A.","family":"Kazacos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald L.","family":"Hullinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"474","volume-title":"Textbook of Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Barrie K. 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