{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T02:22:07Z","timestamp":1787970127315,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]],"date-time":"2005-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5357,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Teratology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence at birth of gastroschisis, a rare abnormality of the abdominal wall, appears to have increased over the past decade. To characterize risk factors that might explain this increase, birth certificates for Washington State residents were compared for 62 infants born with gastroschisis during the years 1984 to 1987 and 617 randomly selected unaffected infants matched for birth year. After simultaneously adjusting for 14 potential risk factors, 4 factors stood out. Infants born during January, February, or March were at greater risk than infants born in any other months (odds ratio 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.1, 4.1). Mothers less than 25 years old were at greater risk than mothers 25 years and older, with the highest risk to mothers less than 20 years old (odds ratio 4.1, 95% confidence interval 1.4, 12.0). Women who smoked during pregnancy were at greater risk than women who did not smoke (odds ratio 2.0, 95% confidence interval 1.03, 3.8). Finally, mothers receiving inadequate prenatal care were at greater risk than mothers receiving adequate prenatal care (odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 0.99, 4.6). Unidentified behavioral and environmental exposures may explain the associations with month of birth, maternal age, and prenatal care. However, smoking during pregnancy is a plausible risk factor that should be examined further as an explanation of the apparently increasing prevalence at birth of gastroschisis in developed nations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420420408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,12]],"date-time":"2005-06-12T04:24:36Z","timestamp":1118550276000},"page":"397-403","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Risk factors for gastroschisis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Gary","family":"Goldbaum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Daling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Milham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"470","article-title":"An apidemiologic study of congenital malformations of the anterior abdominal wall in more than half a million consecutive live births","volume":"33","author":"Baird P.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.261.3.398"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Alcohol induced cardiac malformations in the rat","volume":"155","author":"Beauchemin R. R.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Anat. Anz."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"192","volume-title":"Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Volume 1\u2014The Analysis of Case\u2010Control Studies","author":"Breslow N. E.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"1386","article-title":"Perinatal aspects of omphalocele and gastroschisis","volume":"131","author":"Colombani P. M.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am. J. Dis. Child."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"133","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Third Berkeley Symposium, IV","author":"Cornfield J.","year":"1956"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.161.1.2945223"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(80)80130-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"172","article-title":"Occurrence of gastroschisis and omphalocele in Norway 1967\u20131979","volume":"102","author":"Egenaes J.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)91105-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"910","article-title":"Perinatal management of gastroschisis","volume":"71","author":"Fitzsimmons J.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Gastroschisis\u2014A pilot study of its incidence and the possible influence of teratogenic factors","volume":"28","author":"Gierup J.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Z. Kinderchir."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.36.4.289"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"294","article-title":"Gastroschisis: Abdominal wall disruption secondary to early gestational interruption of the omphalomesenteric artery","volume":"7","author":"Hoyme H. E.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Semin. Perinatol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Empiric recurrence risks and gastroschisis","volume":"15","author":"Jorgenson R. J.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Birth Defects"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/11.4.398"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.77.5.623"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(83)90791-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.77.7.823"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Who smokes while pregnant?","author":"Land G. H.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1978.tb15592.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Effect of smoking on the fetal coronary arteries","volume":"92","author":"Lehtovirta P.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Immunol. Scand. [A]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1981.tb07173.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","first-page":"211","article-title":"Teratogenic aspects of abdominal wall defects","volume":"38","author":"Lindham S.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Z. Kinderchir."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"517","article-title":"Familial gastroschisis and omphalocele","volume":"34","author":"Lowry R. B.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(84)90350-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197304000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420290308"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198012000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1978.tb15593.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(79)90031-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420330117"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/64.1.152"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420350206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1979.02130050058011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.74.1.94","article-title":"Gastroschisis in a case of dizygotic twins: The possible role of maternal alcohol consumption","volume":"74","author":"Sarda P.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420330303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4004(82)80002-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4004(83)80002-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320210224"}],"container-title":["Teratology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Ftera.1420420408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/tera.1420420408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T10:09:17Z","timestamp":1697969357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/tera.1420420408"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,10]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/tera.1420420408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/tera.1420420408","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0040-3709","1096-9926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0040-3709","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,10]]}}}