{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T22:37:37Z","timestamp":1758926257772},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,2]],"date-time":"2005-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4688,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Teratology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ellagic acid is a naturally occurring plant phenol that has demonstrated anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic acitvity in several test systems. Given the common proposed etiopathogenic processes of mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, and teratogenesis induced by genotoxic chemicals, the present study was initiated to determine whether ellagic acid would protect rat embryos in culture from the teratogenic effects of N\u2010methyl\u2010N\u2010nitrosourea (MNU). Ellagic acid alone (as used in these experiments; 50 \u03bcM in DMSO) was not embryotoxic. Ellagic acid (50 \u03bcM) significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) prevented MNU (75 \u03bcM)\u2010induced effects including mortality (absence of heart beat), abnormal formation of the cephalic neural tube derivatives, and delayed differentiation as assessed by a morphological scoring system. These embryoprotective effects were dose responsive. Sequential treatment of embryos with ellagic acid followed by MNU in fresh media also was embryoprotective with no diminution of effect. The site at which ellagic acid interrupts the critical teratogenic events induced by MNU is apparently within the embryo and\/or placenta. This model of chemical embryoprotection may be useful in determining the role of cell death and\/or mutation in the teratogenic mechanism of action of methylating agents. \u00a9 1992 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420460204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T15:52:39Z","timestamp":1118505159000},"page":"109-115","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Ellagic acid protects rat embryos in culture from the embryotoxic effects of N\u2010methyl\u2010N\u2010nitrosourea"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Anthony A.","family":"Frank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Collier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol S.","family":"Forsyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young\u2010Hun","family":"Heur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary D.","family":"Stoner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02293748"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"7088","article-title":"Selective inhibition of methylbenzyl\u2010nitrosamine\u2010induced formation of esophageal O6 \u2010methylguanine by dietary ellagic acid in rats","volume":"48","author":"Barch D. 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