{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:19:41Z","timestamp":1762100381644},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,3]],"date-time":"2005-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3990,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Teratology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retinoic acid (RA) plays an important role during normal embryogenesis, however high doses of RA are teratogenic. Retinoic acid receptor\u2010\u03b22 (RAR\u2010\u03b22) mRNA and protein levels were previously demonstrated to undergo rapid elevation in susceptible tissues after treatment with teratogenic doses of RA. In this report we compared the effects of a number of retinoids, which represent a wide variety of chemical structures and which differ in their teratogenic potencies, on RAR\u2010\u03b22 mRNA levels in mouse embryos 6 hr after treatment. Retinoid treatments which result in a high incidence of limb defects elevated RAR\u2010 \u03b22 mRNA levels similarly (10\u201314 fold in the limb buds, 4\u20138 fold in the head, and 2\u20134 fold in the remainder of the body). On the other hand, retinoid treatments which cause a low or no incidence of limb defects resulted in minor changes in RAR\u2010 \u03b22 mRNA levels in each embryonic region. Therefore, a strong positive correlation was found between the elevation of RAR\u2010\u03b22 mRNA levels and the retinoids which produce limb defects. This provides further evidence that an elevation of RAR\u2010\u03b22 mRNA levels and subsequently protein levels, is an important event involved in mediating the effects of RA during dysmorphogenesis. \u00a9 1994 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420500106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T16:03:35Z","timestamp":1118505815000},"page":"38-43","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Teratogenesis by retinoic acid analogs positively correlates with elevation of retinoic acid receptor\u2010\u03b22 mRNA levels in treated embryos"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Heng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael Gyda","family":"Iii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas C.","family":"Harnish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roshantha A.","family":"Chandraratna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth J.","family":"Soprano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. M.","family":"Kochhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dianne Robert","family":"Soprano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2720391"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"429","article-title":"Identification of retinoic acid responsive element in the retinoic acid receptor \u03b2 gene","volume":"8","author":"de The H.","year":"1990","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/342702a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.110.4.1133"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"443","volume-title":"The Retinoids","author":"Gudas L.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001940309"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90479-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-658102-7.50013-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.7.2700"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.6.2160"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/355446a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.4.1448"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1967.tb01308.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420070310"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"197","volume-title":"Approaches to Elucidate Mechanisms of Teratogenesis","author":"Kochhar D. 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