{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T19:41:13Z","timestamp":1760384473633},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,3]],"date-time":"2005-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3959,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Teratology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with the fetal alcohol syndrome often have ocular anomalies. These include abnormalities of the eyes and adnexa (strabismus, blepharoptosis, epicanthus), as well as intraocular defects (cataract, glaucoma, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, retinal and optic nerve anomalies). Based on the clinical results in an ophthalmological study of a group of Swedish children with the fetal alcohol syndrome, in which optic nerve hypoplasia was found in up to one\u2010half of the group, an experimental study was designed in rats pre\u2010 and perinatally exposed to alcohol by means of a liquid diet. The optic nerve was seriously affected. Macroglial cells and optic axons were ultrastructurally damaged. The diameter of the optic nerve cross section, glial cell nuclear area, axonal diameter, and the total number of optic axons showed significantly lower values in the alcohol\u2010exposed group than in the controls. In addition, the retina from the alcohol\u2010exposed animals displayed significantly lower values of the retinal thickness and ganglion cell nuclear volume, as compared to the controls. Thus, rats exposed to alcohol in utero developed hypoplasia of the optic nerve similar to the findings in children born to alcoholic mothers. This strongly supports the hypothesis that prenatal alcohol exposure may adversely affect the development of the optic nerve. \u00a9 1994 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420500204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T16:04:37Z","timestamp":1118505877000},"page":"100-111","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Optic nerve hypoplasia: Comparative effects in children and rats exposed to alcohol during pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Str\u00f6mland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Dolores","family":"Pinazo\u2010Dur\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)92234-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"477","article-title":"The optic nerve in an acute exposure mouse model of the fetal alcohol syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Ashwell K. W. S.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"237","article-title":"Selective depletion of beta cells affects the development of alpha cells in cat retina Vis","volume":"10","author":"Ault S. J.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurosci.;"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(90)90125-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)92668-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.75.9.524"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(82)80340-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80072-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19880301-04","article-title":"Keratolenticular dysgenesis (Peters' anomaly) as a result of acute embryonic insult during gastrulation","volume":"25","author":"Cook C. S.","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Ophthalmol. Strabismus"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1987.01060110122045"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-4825(86)90011-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(77)90631-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.62.1.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)91462-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470720868.ch6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"Effect of prenatal exposure to alcohol on membrane\u2010bound enzymes during astrocyte development in vivo and in primary culture","volume":"33","author":"Guerri C.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00966217"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(75)90088-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1045711"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(92)90020-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(70)91717-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.62.1.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/40.12.1453005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","first-page":"123","volume-title":"Currents in Alcoholism. Vol. V: Biomedical Issues and Clinical Effects of Alcoholism","author":"Jacobson S.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91092-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1989.01070020382040"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320440210"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1961.tb00869.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(87)90069-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1982.tb05017.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(28)93103-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1984.tb04447.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","first-page":"311","article-title":"Cytochemical and stereological analysis of rat cortical astrocytes during development in primary culture. Effect of prenatal exposure to ethanol","volume":"36","author":"Mayordomo F.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","first-page":"261","article-title":"Quinine induced hypoplasia of the optic nerve","volume":"1","author":"McKinna A. J.","year":"1966","journal-title":"Can. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19840101-04","article-title":"Anterior segment anomalies associated with the fetal alcohol syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Miller M. T.","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Ophthalmol. Strabismus"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1977.04450020055011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0736-5748(92)90059-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0736-5748(91)90025-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","unstructured":"Pinazo\u2010Dur\u00e0n M. D. (1991)Effect of pre\u2010 and postnatal exposure to alcohol on optic nerve development in the rat. Diss. Abs Int."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Morphometric and stereologic analysis of the macrogliogenesis and myelinogenesis on the optic nerve of the Wistar rat","volume":"11","author":"Pinazo\u2010Dur\u00e0n M. D.","year":"1992","journal-title":"St. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","first-page":"225","article-title":"Effect of prenatal and postnatal exposure to alcohol on optic nerve development in rat","volume":"63","author":"Pinazo\u2010Dur\u00e0n M. D.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch. Soc. Espan. Oftalmol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420480404"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1010812"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","first-page":"287","article-title":"Development of the rabbit retina. I. Size of eye and retina, and postnatal cell proliferation","volume":"183","author":"Reichenbach A.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anat, Embryol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/37.2.2642942"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Alcohol metabolizing enzymes in the placenta and fetal liver. Effect of chronic ethanol intake","volume":"10","author":"Sanchis R.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Alcoholism Clin. Exp. Res,."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/119.1.82","article-title":"The role of liquid diet formulation in the postnatal ethanol exposure of rats via mother's milk","volume":"119","author":"Sanchis R.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420380503"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(84)90164-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01188039"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","first-page":"651","article-title":"Eyeground malformations in the fetal alcohol syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Str\u00f6mland K.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Birth Defects Orig. Art. Ser."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","first-page":"171","article-title":"Ocular abnormalities in the fetal alcohol syndrome","volume":"63","author":"Str\u00f6mland K.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(87)90028-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","first-page":"429","article-title":"Contribution of ocular examination to the diagnosis of foetal alcohol syndrome in mentally retarded children","volume":"34","author":"Str\u00f6mland K.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Ment. Defic. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(91)90107-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001660303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7466371"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.74.5.300"}],"container-title":["Teratology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Ftera.1420500204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/tera.1420500204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T01:20:39Z","timestamp":1698110439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/tera.1420500204"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,8]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/tera.1420500204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/tera.1420500204","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0040-3709","1096-9926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0040-3709","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,8]]}}}