{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:10:08Z","timestamp":1760217008759},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,7]],"date-time":"2005-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1118102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3932,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Teratology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of concomitant use of alcohol and cocaine among drug abusers has raised concern about the possible increased risk of fetal damage. The aim of this study was to assess the interactive effects of alcohol and cocaine on lethality, somatic growth, and brain growth using an animal model system. Sprague\u2010Dawley rat pups were used as subjects. They were randomly assigned to 1 of the 9 artificially reared groups which varied with respect to the combination treatments of cocaine (0, 40, or 60 mg\/kg) and alcohol (0, 3.3, or 4.5 g\/kg). All artificially reared pups were given daily cocaine and alcohol treatments during a major part of the brain growth spurt period (postnatal days 4\u20139). An additional group of suckled control animals raised by their natural dams was included to control for artificial rearing. The results are summarized as follows: (1) Drug\u2010induced lethality was higher in cocaine\u2010treated groups when compared with non\u2010cocaine\u2010treated groups, and the concurrent administration of high doses of alcohol and cocaine significantly increased the mortality rate. (2) Somatic growth, in terms of body weight, was not affected by alcohol, cocaine, or the combination of both drugs using the artificial rearing technique. (3) Alcohol exposure during this brain growth spurt period significantly reduced whole brain weight, as well as forebrain, cerebellum, and brain stem weights. (4) In contrast to alcohol, cocaine failed to exert a detrimental effect on brain weight measures during this early postnatal period. (5) There were no antagonistic or synergistic effects in inducing brain growth restrictions by concurrent exposure to alcohol and cocaine during the brain growth spurt. The potential involvement of cocaethylene in mediating the observed lethality is discussed. \u00a9 1994 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420500310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T16:04:38Z","timestamp":1118505878000},"page":"250-255","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Alcohol\u2010induced brain growth restrictions (microencephaly) were not affected by concurrent exposure to cocaine during the brain growth spurt"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Wei\u2010Jung A.","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen H.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"How toxic is cocaine?","author":"Benowitz N. 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