{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:48:09Z","timestamp":1790844489869,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,22]],"date-time":"2002-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1037923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":325,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study assessed the sensitivity of <jats:italic>Macomona liliana<\/jats:italic> (bivalvia, tellinacea) to UV\u2010photoactivated fluoranthene toxicity. Juvenile clams (0.5\u20132.0 mm) were exposed to a range of aqueous fluoranthene concentrations (5\u2013500 \u03bcg\/L) for 96 h, after which the clams' ability to rebury in control sediment was determined. Survivors of these fluoranthene\u2010only toxicity tests were then exposed in clean seawater to UV radiation from a solar radiation\u2013simulating light source for 1 h. The differences between EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values before and after UV exposure provided a measure of phototoxicity of the bioaccumulated fluoranthene. Fluoranthene tissue burdens corresponding to the EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values were determined by exposing a second batch of clams to <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>C\u2010radiolabeled fluoranthene. A third experiment quantified the kinetics of fluoranthene uptake and elimination in water\u2010only exposures. Fluoranthene phototoxicity was found to depend on the dose of fluoranthene and the duration of UV exposure. Exposure of animals to 1 h of UV radiation resulted fluoranthene toxicity that was 3 times higher (EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> = 46 \u03bcg\/L) than that of those with no UV exposure (EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> = 153 \u03bcg\/L). The corresponding critical body burden (i.e., fluoranthene tissue concentration at which 50% of the clams failed to rebury) was 6 ng\/clam (or 700 \u03bcg\/g dry weight [dw]) and 21 ng\/clam (or 2300 \u03bcg\/g dw) for UV\u2010exposed and UV\u2010unexposed animals, respectively. First\u2010order uptake and elimination coefficients, determined in the kinetics experiment, were 0.825 Lg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> and 0.059 h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, respectively, indicating rapid uptake and a short fluoranthene tissue half\u2010life of approximately 12 h for <jats:italic>M. liliana<\/jats:italic>. Compared with other bivalve species of similar size, <jats:italic>M. liliana<\/jats:italic> appeared to be more than 1 order of magnitude less sensitive to UV\u2010activated fluoranthene toxicity, although these differences may be a result in part of differences in the UV exposure regime. Nonetheless, the majority of <jats:italic>M. liliana<\/jats:italic> exposed to a fluoranthene concentration of 50 \u03bcg\/L displayed evidence of UV\u2010photoactivated toxicity within 30\u201360 min of irradiation, and prolonging UV exposure more than 2 h killed all clams. These results demonstrate that even short UV exposures, as perhaps encountered during normal feeding or byssus\u2010drifting behavior, may significantly increase toxicity to juvenile <jats:italic>M. liliana<\/jats:italic> possessing elevated fluoranthene tissue concentrations. \u00a9 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 17: 567\u2013577 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). 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