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This study assesses the genotoxic potential of water extracts from soil polluted with metals (Pb, Cd, and Zn) by the former lead smelter in \u017derjav, Slovenia using comet assay with <jats:italic>Tetrahymena<\/jats:italic> <jats:italic>thermophila<\/jats:italic> and human hepatoma cells (HepG2). In addition, the toxicity of soil samples and their extracts was evaluated using <jats:italic>Vibrio<\/jats:italic> <jats:italic>fischeri<\/jats:italic> and delayed fluorescence of <jats:italic>Lemna minor<\/jats:italic>. Chemical analyses of metals using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) was performed for comparison. Measurements of the total metal concentrations showed that four of five plots near the former lead smelter were highly contaminated with Pb, Cd, and Zn, but the amount of metals in water\/soil extracts was low at all the sampling plots. Genotoxicity was demonstrated using <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>thermophila<\/jats:italic> for the majority of the extracts, and HepG2 cells for only some of the extracts. Whereas <jats:italic>V. fischeri<\/jats:italic> indicated a gradual decrease in soil toxicity with greater distance from the smelter, the toxicity of extracts did not correlate with proximity. Low concentrations of metals in water extracts stimulated <jats:italic>L. minor<\/jats:italic> growth. The results indicate that comet assay with <jats:italic>T. thermophila<\/jats:italic> and HepG2 cells and the BSPT with <jats:italic>V. fischeri<\/jats:italic> are suitable protocols for screening the genotoxic and toxic potential of water\/soil extracts by comet assay, whereas chemical analyses of total metal concentrations in soil do not solely suffice for evaluating metal pollution in the environment. Biological assays are thus crucial for risk assessment. \u00a9 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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