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The microbial species representing wide diversity, generated 11 microbial toxic concentration (MTC) values were obtained giving a unique \u201ctoxic fingerprint\u201d profile of the test sample. The toxicity of 14 antibiotics was evaluated with the MARA test. The fingerprints for each group of antibiotics differ, indicating a particular toxic profile. Tetracyclines were the most toxic antibacterials with the minimum MTC value of 3.6 \u03bcg L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. In the group of tetracyclines the order of the three most sensitive microbial strains was the same 2 &gt; 6 &gt; 7. Quinolones affected the most sensitive strain(s) at concentrations of 12\u201375 \u03bcg L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. The MARA bioassay exhibited different spectra of toxic responses to microbial strains for the first and second generation quinolones. However, for first generation quinolones strain 6 was substantially more sensitive than the other microorganisms, while second generation quinolones were most toxic to strain 3, followed by 6 then 4. In this instance, the three strains belong to two different phylogenetic groups\u2013strain 3 is \u03b3\u2010proteotype and strains 4 and 6 are \u03b2\u2010proteotype. \u00a9 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2010.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.20593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,13]],"date-time":"2010-04-13T13:15:44Z","timestamp":1271164544000},"page":"487-494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Application of microbial assay for risk assessment biotest in evaluation of toxicity of human and veterinary antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Na\u0142\u0229cz\u2010Jawecki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Wadhia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Adomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.I.","family":"Piotrowicz\u2010Cie\u015blak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Sawicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2004.06.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(98)00560-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-445X(99)00069-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2005.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2005.06.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2006.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2008.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","unstructured":"EMEA.European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products. 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