{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T04:47:05Z","timestamp":1789966025842,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,27]],"date-time":"2013-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,27]],"date-time":"2013-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374883200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Biomarkers are an important tool in laboratory assays that link exposure or effect of specific toxicants to key molecular and cellular events, but they have not been widely used in invertebrate populations exposed to complex mixtures of environmental contaminants in their natural habitats. The present study focused on a battery of biomarkers and their comparative analysis in natural populations of the benthic larvae of\n                    <jats:italic>Chironomus riparius (<\/jats:italic>\n                    Diptera\n                    <jats:italic>)<\/jats:italic>\n                    , sampled in three differentially polluted rivers (the Con, Sar, and Louro in Galicia, Spain). In our study, some parameters were identified, such as\n                    <jats:italic>hsp70<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene activity, GST enzymatic activity, total glycogen content and mouthpart deformities, which showed significant differences among populations from the three rivers that differed in the levels and types of sedimentary contaminants analyzed (metals, organic\u2010chlorine pesticides, alkylphenols, pharmaceutical, and personal care products). In contrast to these sensitive biomarkers, other parameters showed no significant differences (\n                    <jats:italic>hsc70<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene,\n                    <jats:italic>EcR<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene,\n                    <jats:italic>P450<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene, RNA:DNA ratio, total protein content), and were stable even when comparing field and nonexposed laboratory populations. The\n                    <jats:italic>hsp70<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene seems to be particularly sensitive to conditions of pollutant exposure, while its constitutive counterpart\n                    <jats:italic>hsc70<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed invariable expression, suggesting that the\n                    <jats:italic>hsc70<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic>hsp70<\/jats:italic>\n                    ratio may be a potential indicator of polluted environments. Although further studies are required to understand the correlation between molecular responses and the ecological effects of pollutants on natural populations, the results provide new data about the biological responses to multiple\u2010stressor environments. This field study adds new molecular endpoints, including gene expression, as suitable tools that, complementing other ecotoxicological parameters, may help to improve the methodologies of freshwater monitoring under the increasing burden of xenobiotics. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 383\u2013395, 2015.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.21893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,27]],"date-time":"2013-07-27T05:03:00Z","timestamp":1374901380000},"page":"383-395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Transcriptional responses, metabolic activity and mouthpart deformities in natural populations of\n                    <i>chironomus riparius<\/i>\n                    larvae exposed to environmental pollutants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Rosario","family":"Planell\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Biolog\u00eda y Toxicolog\u00eda Ambiental, Departamento de F\u00edsica Matem\u00e1tica y Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia UNED, Senda del Rey 9 28040 Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda J.","family":"Servia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Animal, Biolog\u00eda Vegetal y Ecolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de A Coru\u00f1a Campus da Zapateira s\/n 15008 A Coru\u00f1a Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"G\u00f3mez\u2010Sande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Zoolog\u00eda y Antropolog\u00eda F\u00edsica Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Campus Sur s\/n 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain"},{"name":"Estaci\u00f3n de Hidrobiolox\u00eda \u201cEncoro do Con\u201d Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Castroagud\u00edn s\/n 36617 Vilagarc\u00eda de Arousa Pontevedra Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"Herrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Biolog\u00eda y Toxicolog\u00eda Ambiental, Departamento de F\u00edsica Matem\u00e1tica y Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia UNED, Senda del Rey 9 28040 Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Cobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Zoolog\u00eda y Antropolog\u00eda F\u00edsica Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Campus Sur s\/n 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain"},{"name":"Estaci\u00f3n de Hidrobiolox\u00eda \u201cEncoro do Con\u201d Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Castroagud\u00edn s\/n 36617 Vilagarc\u00eda de Arousa Pontevedra Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Morcillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Biolog\u00eda y Toxicolog\u00eda Ambiental, Departamento de F\u00edsica Matem\u00e1tica y Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia UNED, Senda del Rey 9 28040 Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0742-8413(95)00079-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1532-0456(01)00206-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms9081453"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-011-0708-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.66.032102.114509"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-010-0490-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2012.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","volume-title":"Chironomid sediment toxicity test, ecological effects tests guidelines. 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