{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T23:45:38Z","timestamp":1782517538420,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,2]],"date-time":"2013-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,2]],"date-time":"2013-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Fish are relatively sensitive to changes in their surrounding environment, including increasing pollution. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of contamination with the pendimethalin\u2010based herbicide; Stomp\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    50% EC (50% pendimethalin as emulsive concentrate) on adults of the monosex Nile tilapia\n                    <jats:italic>Oreochromis niloticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    L. A total of 260 fish with body weights of 90\u2009\u00b1\u20095.0 g were used in the determination of the 96\u2010h LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    value and of the impacts of acute exposure to pendimethalin on physiological parameters, and oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarkers. The 96\u2010h median lethal concentration (96\u2010h LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) value of pendimethalin for monosex Nile tilapia was determined as 4.92 mg\/L. Abnormal behavioral responses of the fish and the toxic symptoms of pendimethalin exposure are described. Acute exposure to pendimethalin induced leukocytosis, hyperglobulinemia, and hyperglycemia, but resulted in nonsignificant changes in other hemato\u2010biochemical parameters. Moreover, pendimethalin increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decreased levels of reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase in both liver and gill tissues, in a time\u2010dependent manner, with maximum alterations observed in the gills rather than the liver. We conclude that although pendimethalin is moderately toxic, it does not cause hepatorenal toxicity. However, this herbicide pollutant induces major disturbances to the antioxidant system; induction of oxidative stress and LPO is the proposed toxicodynamic pathway for such stress.  \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 430\u2013438, 2015.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.21919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,2]],"date-time":"2013-12-02T05:08:41Z","timestamp":1385960921000},"page":"430-438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Physiological and oxidative stress biomarkers in the freshwater monosex Nile tilapia,\n                    <i>Oreochromis niloticus<\/i>\n                    L., exposed to pendimethalin\u2010based herbicide"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Yasser S.","family":"El\u2010Sayed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University Damanhour Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalia H.","family":"Samak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University Damanhour Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail Y.","family":"Abou\u2010Ghanema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Physiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University Damanhour Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdy K.","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Avian and Aquatic Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University Damanhour Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Effect of pendimethalin herbicide on fish (Tilapia nilotica) skeletal muscles, gills and its influence on human","volume":"1","author":"Abd\u2010algadir MI","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J Life Sci Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05016-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-6513(03)00080-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Evaluation the toxic effects of herbicide Stomp 50% EC (pendimethalin) on health of Oreochromis niloticus","volume":"38","author":"Ahmed EG","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zag Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2010.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2006.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/42.3.517"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"882","article-title":"Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione","volume":"61","author":"Beutler E","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2006.09.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Casarett and Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons","author":"Eaton LD","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2009.01.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"568","article-title":"Assessment of Stomp\u00ae (Pendimethalin) toxicity on Oreochromis niloticus","volume":"7","author":"El\u2010Sharkawy NI","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","volume-title":"Textbook of Systemic Pathology of Fish","author":"Ferguson HW","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/1570754054507424"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"258\u2013265","volume-title":"Assay of glutathione reductase. 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