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Results showed that the IL\u20102, IL\u20106, IL\u201010, IL\u201017, IFN\u2010\u03b3, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 (LITAF) cytokine mRNA expression and protein levels were lower (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 or <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and the percentages of T\u2010cell subsets were also lower in the 300, 600, and 900 mg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> groups than in the control group. It was concluded that dietary NiCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in excess of 300 mg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> could reduce cytokine mRNA expression and protein levels in the intestinal mucosa and cecal tonsil, and the percentages of ileac and cecal tonsil T\u2010cell subsets. Decreasing in cytokine mRNA expression and protein levels of intestinal mucosa and cecal tonsil induced by NiCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was closely related to the reduction of T\u2010cell population. Thus, the abnormal expression of these cytokines impacts the intestinal mucosal immune function by the pathways of reducing of lymphocyte population and activation. Also, this study first proved that NiCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> at higher levels has the toxicological effects on intestinal mucosal immunity. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 1309\u20131321, 2015.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,6]],"date-time":"2014-05-06T14:35:14Z","timestamp":1399386914000},"page":"1309-1321","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Toxicological effects of nickel chloride on the cytokine mRNA expression and protein levels in intestinal mucosal immunity of broilers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Bangyuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hengmin","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental 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