{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T05:47:14Z","timestamp":1771307234712,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,21]],"date-time":"2015-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Studies Related to Melamine Incident from Food and Health Bureau"},{"name":"Hong Kong Special Administration Region","award":["MI-BS-06."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MI-BS-06."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Melamine is a heterocyclic, aromatic amine and nitrogen\u2010enriched environmental toxicant, found in not only adulterated foodstuffs but also industrial household tableware and paints. Previous studies demonstrated adverse effects of high\u2010dose melamine on human infants and pregnant animals, but effects of low\u2010dose melamine on pregnancy have not been reported. In this study, reproductive effects of low\u2010dose melamine were investigated in pregnant rats. Melamine in the range of 12.5\u201350 mg\/kg was administered to pregnant rats at different gestational stages. Maternal weight gain was not significantly affected, and other maternal morbidity was not observed. Low\u2010dose melamine exposure during pregnancy increased fetal size but reduced somite number in gastrulation (GD8.5\u2013GD10.5) and organogenesis (GD10.5\u2013GD16.5) periods, and increased incidence of stillbirth in whole gestational period (GD0.5 to delivery). Embryotoxicity of melamine was further confirmed by whole embryo culture in vitro that melamine retarded embryonic growth, impaired development of brain and heart, and induced open neural tube and atrioventricular defects with increased apoptosis. In conclusion, adverse reproductive effects of low\u2010dose melamine during pregnancy were identified in the developing rat embryos and the perinatal effects of melamine were gestational and developmental stage dependent. Detailed hazard and risk assessment of melamine in reproduction system are warrant. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 131\u2013138, 2017.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,21]],"date-time":"2015-11-21T10:53:09Z","timestamp":1448103189000},"page":"131-138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Adverse reproductive effects of maternal low\u2010dose melamine exposure during pregnancy in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Ching Yan","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology the Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling Ying","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology the Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology the Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alisa Sau Wun","family":"Shum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences the Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwok Pui","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences the Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi Chiu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology the Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong Kong"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences the Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3326"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2008.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","unstructured":"CFS.2009. 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