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Therefore, we conducted this study to examine whether Embelin modulates autophagy in Ca9\u201022. Our results showed that Embelin had anticancer activity against the Ca9\u201022 human tongue squamous cell, and we observed that autophagic vacuoles were formed by MDC and AO. We also analyzed Embelin\u2010treated Ca9\u201022 cells for the presence of biochemical markers and found that it directly affected the conversion of LC3\u2010II, the degradation of p62\/SQSTM1, full\u2010length cleavage formation of ATG5\u2010ATG12 complex and Beline\u20101, and caspase activation. Rescue experiments using an autophagy inhibitor showed Embelin\u2010induced cell death in Ca9\u201022, confirming that autophagy acts as a pro\u2010death signal. Furthermore, Embelin exhibited anticancer activity against Ca9\u201022 via both autophagy and apoptosis. These findings suggest that Embelin may potentially contribute to oral cancer treatment and provide useful information for the development of a new therapeutic agent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,19]],"date-time":"2017-07-19T11:58:08Z","timestamp":1500465488000},"page":"2371-2378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["<scp>XIAP<\/scp> inhibitor embelin induces autophagic and apoptotic cell death in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"You\u2010Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Anatomy School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak\u2010ro, 49, Mulguem\u2010eup Yangsan\u2010si Gyeongsangnam\u2010do 50612 South 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