{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T21:59:26Z","timestamp":1785448766535,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,6]],"date-time":"2017-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,6]],"date-time":"2017-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST\u2010103\u20102632\u2010B\u2010040\u2010001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST\u2010103\u20102632\u2010B\u2010040\u2010001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST\u2010104\u20102632\u2010B\u2010040\u2010001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST\u2010104\u20102632\u2010B\u2010040\u2010001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST\u2010105\u20102632\u2010B\u2010040\u2010001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST\u2010105\u20102632\u2010B\u2010040\u2010001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["105\u20102632\u2010B\u2010040\u2010001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["105\u20102632\u2010B\u2010040\u2010001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) has been indicated as one of the oral potentially malignant disorders. Epidemiological studies have attributed this pathological fibrosis to the habit of areca nuts chewing, which causes chronic inflammation and persistent activation of myofibroblasts in the oral cavity. Hence, it is crucial to find an effective intervention to ameliorate inflammation in order to prevent the malignant progression of OSF. In this study, we assessed the anti\u2010inflammatory effect of the immunomodulatory protein, GMI, extracted from\n                    <jats:italic>Ganoderma microsporum<\/jats:italic>\n                    on the expression proinflammatory cytokines and the myofibroblast characteristics in human fibrotic buccal mucosal fibroblasts (fBMFs). Our results demonstrated that the expression level of interleukin (IL)\u20106 and IL\u20108 were decreased after exposure of GMI and the myofibroblast activities, including collagen gel contraction, migration, invasion, and wound healing abilities were inhibited as well. Furthermore, we confirmed these findings in the arecoline\u2010stimulated BMFs. Consistent with the above findings, the expression of the myofibroblast marker \u03b1\u2010smooth muscle actin and other fibrogenic markers, such as type I collagen, fibronectin, and vimentin in fBMFs were all reduced in a dose\u2010dependent manner. Collectively, our data suggested that GMI suppressed the proinflammatory cytokines and myofibroblast features in fBMFs, and could serve as a promising and natural antifibrosis agent.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,6]],"date-time":"2017-10-06T04:40:40Z","timestamp":1507264840000},"page":"32-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Inhibitory effect of GMI, an immunomodulatory protein from\n                    <i>Ganoderma microsporum<\/i>\n                    , on myofibroblast activity and proinflammatory cytokines in human fibrotic buccal mucosal fibroblasts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Ping\u2010Hui","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei\u2010Ling","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Wen","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng\u2010Chia","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung 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