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To investigate the toxic mechanism of PM, 32 male Sprague\u2010Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to saline or PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> with the doses of 1.8, 5.4, and 16.2 mg\/kg.b.w. via intratracheal instillation, respectively, one time every 3 days, in total times for 30 days. Sperm concentration, hormone level, the expressions of BTB\u2010associated protein and the mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 and transforming growth factor \u03b23 levels were detected. The results showed a decrease in sperm number, testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels and altered ultrastructure of BTB in testis of rat after exposure to PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>. The protein levels of N\u2010Cadherin, Occludin, Claudin\u201011, and Connexin\u201043 were significantly decreased in the testes. TGF\u2010\u03b23 content in testes showed increase, with the p\u2010p38\/p38 MAPK ratio also increasing after PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> exposure. These results demonstrate that PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> restrained the expressions of BTB\u2010associated proteins through activating TGF\u2010\u03b23\/p38 MAPK pathway and decreasing testosterone secretion, and therefore lead to the damage of BTB resulting in the decrease of sperm quality, which might be the potential reasons for its negative effects on spermatogenesis and male reproduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,19]],"date-time":"2018-04-19T18:08:41Z","timestamp":1524161321000},"page":"711-719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Fine particle matter disrupts the blood\u2013testis barrier by activating TGF\u2010\u03b23\/p38 MAPK pathway and decreasing testosterone secretion in 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